Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients.
| HFS (n = 36) | WPS (n = 20) | WFS (n = 28) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 72 (36–86) | 69.5 (55–94) | 66.5 (46–82) | 0.280 |
| Male gender | 19 (52.8) | 13 (46.4) | 11 (55.0) | 0.816 |
| Bilirubin level, mg/dl | 2.5 (0.8–12.8) | 3.1 (0.9–20.2) | 4.1 (0.8–32.0) | 0.274 |
| Alkaline phosphatase level, U/L | 382.5 (156–2089) | 370 (187–953) | 307 (167–1710) | 0.265 |
| Gallbladder stones / sludge | 3 (8.3) | 2 (10.0) | 5 (17.9) | 0.484 |
| Ascites | 11 (30.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (17.9) | 0.020 |
| Tumor involvement to the orifice of cystic duct | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.300 |
| Duodenal invasion | 15 (41.7) | 9 (45.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0.433 |
| Duodenal stent placement | 8 (22.2) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (17.9) | 0.829 |
| Prior biliary drainage before SEMS placement | 25 (69.4) | 10 (50.0) | 18 (64.3) | 0.348 |
| Sphincterotomy before SEMS placement | 30 (83.3) | 4 (20.0) | 22 (78.6) | < 0.001 |
| Length of the stricture, mm | 23 (12–50) | 23 (10–36) | 23 (11–37) | 0.691 |
| Diameter of the dilated bile duct, mm | 11.9 (6.6–21.0) | 12.4 (8.5–17.1) | 12.1 (7.6–21.0) | 0.497 |
| The length of SEMS; 4 cm / 6 cm / 8 cm | 0 (0) / 31 (86.1) / 5 (13.9) | 3 (15.0) / 14 (70.0) / 3 (15.0) | 4 (14.3) / 23 (82.1) / 1 (3.6) | 0.104 |
| Anti-cancer treatment after SEMS placement | 30 (83.3) | 18 (90.0) | 28 (100) | 0.079 |
| Median survival time after SEMS placement, (range), days | 251 (44–751) | 243 (31–930) | 298 (24–1032) | 0.785 |
Data are presented as median (range) or number (proportion).
SEMS Self-expandable metal stent, HFS HILZO fully covered stent, WPS WALLFLEX biliary RX partially covered stent, WFS WALLFLEX biliary RX fully covered stent.