Table 3.
The incidences of recurrent biliary obstruction according to various clinical factors.
| n = 82a | RBO (n = 31) | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Age | < 70 years | 17 (42.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| ≥ 70 years | 14 (33.3) | 0.68 (0.28–1.66) | 0.392 | 0.75 (0.35–1.57) | 0.442 | |
| Gender | Male | 20 (46.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Female | 11 (28.2) | 0.45 (0.18–1.13) | 0.088 | 0.56 (0.25–1.24) | 0.150 | |
| Gallbladder stone / sludge | No | 25 (34.7) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 6 (60.0) | 2.82 (0.73–10.93) | 0.122 | 1.75 (0.66–4.63) | 0.260 | |
| Ascites | No | 27 (40.3) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 4 (26.7) | 0.54 (0.16–1.87) | 0.325 | |||
| Tumor involvement to the orifice of cystic duct | No | 30 (38.0) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1 (33.3) | 0.82 (0.07–9.40) | 0.871 | |||
| Duodenal invasion | No | 16 (32.0) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 15 (46.9) | 1.86 (0.75–4.68) | 0.175 | 1.77 (0.80–3.93) | 0.159 | |
| Duodenal stent placement | No | 23 (35.9) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 8 (44.4) | 1.43 (0.49–4.12) | 0.511 | |||
| Prior biliary drainage before SEMS placement | No | 13 (41.9) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 18 (35.3) | 0.76 (0.30–1.89) | 0.548 | |||
| Sphincterotomy before SEMS placement | No | 12 (42.9) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 19 (35.2) | 0.72 (0.28–1.84) | 0.497 | |||
| Length of the stricture | < 23 mm | 12 (31.6) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| ≥ 23 mm | 19 (43.2) | 1.65 (0.66–4.08) | 0.280 | |||
| Diameter of the dilated bile duct | < 12 mm | 14 (37.8) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| ≥ 12 mm | 17 (37.8) | 1.00 (0.41–2.45) | 0.996 | |||
| The type of SEMS | WFS | 13 (50.0) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| WPS | 10 (50.0) | 1.00 (0.31–3.21) | 1.000 | 0.82 (0.31–2.18) | 0.690 | |
| HFS | 8 (22.2) | 0.29 (0.10–0.86) | 0.023 | 0.37 (0.14–0.96) | 0.040 | |
| The length of SEMS | 4 cm | 4 (57.1) | 1.00 (reference) | |||
| 6 cm | 23 (34.8) | 0.40 (0.08–1.95) | 0.245 | |||
| 8 cm | 4 (44.4) | 0.60 (0.08–4.40) | 0.614 | |||
| Anti-cancer treatment after SEMS placement | No | 1 (12.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 30 (40.5) | 4.77 (0.56–40.81) | 0.120 | 4.01 (0.45–35.68) | 0.213 | |
Data are presented as number (proportion).
RBO Recurrent biliary obstruction, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, SEMS Self-expandable metal stent, HFS HILZO fully covered stent, WPS WALLFLEX biliary RX partially covered stent, WFS WALLFLEX biliary RX fully covered stent.
aTwo patients in which SEMS was removed due to complications other than RBO were excluded.