Table 5.
Descriptive statistics and mean differences.
| Variables | Items | Survival rationality (M±SD) |
Economic rationality(M±SD) | Institutional rationality (M±SD) |
Development rationality(M±SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male (n = 398) | 2.915 ± 1.100 | 3.648 ± 0.930 | 3.498 ± 1.039 | 3.048 ± 0.966 |
| Female (n = 935) | 3.090 ± 1.022 | 3.795 ± 0.881 | 3.575 ± 0.948 | 3.150 ± 0.922 | |
| t | −2.726** | −2.731** | −1.266 | −1.828 | |
| Marital status | Single (n = 838) | 3.062 ± 1.045 | 3.766 ± 0.895 | 3.566 ± 0.965 | 3.125 ± 0.937 |
| In love or married (n = 495) | 2.998 ± 1.056 | 3.726 ± 0.904 | 3.529 ± 0.996 | 3.110 ± 0.935 | |
| t | 1.081 | 0.781 | 0.656 | 0.293 | |
| Annual household income | Less than 100,000 CNY (n = 234) | 3.117 ± 1.105 | 3.929 ± 0.867 | 3.560 ± 1.019 | 3.083 ± 1.013 |
| 100,000~200,000 CNY (n = 403) | 3.054 ± 1.029 | 3.783 ± 0.875 | 3.591 ± 0.948 | 3.203 ± 0.905 | |
| 200,001~300,000CNY (n = 289) | 3.130 ± 0.992 | 3.694 ± 0.905 | 3.586 ± 0.986 | 3.150 ± 0.939 | |
| 300,001CNY and above (n = 407) | 2.910 ± 1.067 | 3.657 ± 0.919 | 3.485 ± 0.972 | 3.036 ± 0.914 | |
| F | 3.256* | 5.153** | 0.982 | 2.389 | |
| Length of study abroad | Half a year (n = 340) | 3.139 ± 1.030 | 3.756 ± 0.914 | 3.571 ± 0.977 | 3.115 ± 0.968 |
| A year (n = 562) | 3.074 ± 1.027 | 3.724 ± 0.873 | 3.610 ± 0.939 | 3.174 ± 0.886 | |
| One and a half years (n = 95) | 2.971 ± 1.033 | 3.7860 ± 0.928 | 3.393 ± 1.026 | 3.074 ± 1.027 | |
| Two years (n = 84) | 2.961 ± 1.136 | 3.861 ± 0.881 | 3.464 ± 0.944 | 3.008 ± 1.039 | |
| Two years and above (n = 252) | 2.872 ± 1.0831 | 3.755 ± 0.928 | 3.487 ± 1.042 | 3.060 ± 0.930 | |
| F | 2.753* | 0.486 | 1.616 | 1.088 | |
| Academic identity | Undergraduate (n = 409) | 3.143 ± 1.032 | 3.599 ± 0.970 | 3.468 ± 0.916 | 2.861 ± 0.972 |
| Master's degree candidate (n = 758) | 3.132 ± 1.007 | 3.810 ± 0.838 | 3.604 ± 0.849 | 3.297 ± 0.860 | |
| Doctoral student (n = 166) | 2.400 ± 1.296 | 3.965 ± 0.856 | 3.342 ± 0.954 | 3.080 ± 0.914 | |
| F | 1.057 | 4.151*** | 3.585*** | 11.023*** | |
| Age | 0-18 years old (n = 20) | 2.963 ± 1.110 | 3.600 ± 0.714 | 3.083 ± 0.990 | 2.683 ± 1.100 |
| 19-25 years old (n = 1069) | 3.053 ± 1.053 | 3.718 ± 0.907 | 3.575 ± 0.973 | 3.114 ± 0.928 | |
| 26-35 years old (n = 208) | 2.968 ± 1.026 | 3.941 ± 0.834 | 3.463 ± 1.009 | 3.240 ± 0.937 | |
| 36-40 years old (n = 19) | 3.171 ± 1.024 | 3.719 ± 1.026 | 3.632 ± 0.830 | 2.702 ± 0.942 | |
| Over 40 years old (n = 17) | 2.898 ± 1.072 | 3.706 ± 0.904 | 3.686 ± 0.786 | 2.941 ± 1.042 | |
| F | 0.467 | 2.853* | 1.843 | 3.078* |
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05.