Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies.
| Basic information | Time window of ABT exposure to ICI initiation | ICIs treatment | Line of treatment | Outcomes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author,year | Area | Number of patients | mFollow-up(range)(months) | mPFSATB+ vs. ATB-Δ(months) | mOSATB+ vs. ATB-Δ (months) | HR for PFS (95% CI) | HR for OS (95% CI) | ORRATB+ vs. ATB- | PDATB +vs. ATB- | |||
|
UEDA et al,
2019 ( 32) |
Japan | n=31(in total) n=5(29.9% with ATBs) |
-30d to 0 | nivolumab: 90.3% Ipilimumab + nivolumab: 9.7% |
first-line:9.7% second- line:90.3% |
NA | 2.8 vs.18.4 Δ=15.6 |
NA | (Univariate) 6.518(1.857-21.416) (Multivariate) 3.830 (1.086-12.717) |
not affected | not affected. | NA |
|
Lalani et al,
2020 ( 21) |
the USA | n=146(in total) n=31(21% with ATBs) |
-8w to +4w | anti-PD-(L)1–monotherapy:54.8% anti-PD-(L)1–combination:44.2% |
first-line:43.2% second- line:26.7% third-line or later:30.1% |
16.6 (0.7–67.8) |
2.6vs.8.1 Δ=4.5 |
NA | (Multivariate) 1.96(1.20–3.20) |
(Multivariate) 1.44 (0.75–2.77) |
12.9% vs.34.8% p=0.026 |
NA |
| n=146(in total) n=27(18.5% with ATBs) |
-30d to +30d | anti-PD-(L)1–monotherapy:54.8% anti-PD-(L)1–combination:44.2% |
first-line:43.2% second- line:26.7% third-line or later:30.1% |
16.6 (0.7–67.8) |
NA | NA | (Multivariate) 2.03 (1.21–3.41) |
(Multivariate) 1.59 (0.80–3.15) |
NA | NA | ||
|
Kulkarni et al,
2020 ( 33) |
the USA | n=55(in total) n=24(44% with ATBs) |
-1m to +6w | nivolumab: 93% others: 7% (monotherapy) |
first-line:7% second-line or later:93% |
18.7 | 2.7 vs 4.2 Δ=1.5 |
17 vs 22 Δ=5 |
(Multivariate) 2.7(1.3-5.9) |
(Multivariate) 4.2(1.5-12.2) |
NA | NA |
|
Guven et al,
2021 ( 34) |
Turkey | n=93(in total) n=31(33.3% with ATBs) |
-3m to +3m | nivolumab and others | second- line:54.8% third-line or later:45.2% |
10.87 | NA | NA | (Multivariate) 2.238 (1.284-3.900) |
(Multivariate) 2.306 (1.155-4.601) |
24.1% vs.50%, P=0.023 |
41.4% vs.23.1% P=0.084 |
|
Derosa et al,
2021 ( 23) |
France | n=707(in total) n=104(14.7% with ATBs) |
-60d to +42d | nivolumab (monotherapy) |
NA | NA | 2.6 vs.3.8 Δ=1.2 |
13.0 vs.25.0 Δ=12 |
(Univariate) 1.24 (0.99-1.55) |
(Univariate) 1.77 (1.36-2.31) (Multivariate) 1.59 (1.22-2.09) |
15.1vs.21.1%, P=0.176 | 57% vs. 47.3% |
| Taigo Kato et al,2022 ( 22) | Japan | n=72(in total) n=47(65.3% with ATBs) |
-3m to 0 | nivolumab plus ipilimumab:100% (combination therapy) |
first-line:100% | 16.1 (1.4–37.8) |
13.2 vs. NR | NA | (Univariate) 0.86(0.29-2.53) |
(Univariate) 0.66(0.13-3.35) |
NA | NA |
|
Derosa et al,
2018 ( 8) |
France | n=121(in total) n=16(13% with ATBs) |
-30d to 0 | anti-PD-(L)1 therapy: 88% anti-PD-(L)1+CTLA-4: 8% anti-PD-(L)1 + bevacizumab: 4% |
first-line:57% second-line or later:43% |
NA | 1.9 vs 7.4 Δ=5.5 |
17.3 vs.30.6 Δ=13.3 |
(Univariate) 3.1 (1.4-6.9) (Multivariate) 2.2 (1.3–3.3) |
(Univariate) 3.5 (1.1-10.8) (Multivariate) 2.1 (0.9–5.0) |
13% vs.26% | 75% vs.22% P < 0.01 |
| n=121(in total) n=22(18% with ATBs) |
-60d to 0 | anti-PD-(L)1 therapy: 88% anti-PD-(L)1+CTLA-4: 8% anti-PD-(L)1 + bevacizumab: 4% |
first-line:57% second-line or later:43% |
NA | 3.1 vs 7.4 Δ=4.3 |
23.4 vs.30.0 Δ=6.6 |
(Univariate) 1.9 (1.1-3.1) (Multivariate) 3.2 (1.6-5.9) |
(Univariate) 2.0 (0.9-4.3) |
18% vs.25% | 64% vs.21% P < 0.01 |
||
|
Routy et al,
2018 ( 14) |
multicenter | n=67(in total) n=20(29.9% with ATBs) |
-2m to +1m | anti-PD-1: 92% anti-PD-L1: 8% |
NA | NA | 4.3 vs 7.4 Δ=3.1 |
23.4 vs 27.9 Δ=4.5 |
(Univariate) 2.16 (1.18-3.96) (Multivariate) 2.12 (1.11–4.05) |
(Univariate) 1.22(0.84–1.91) |
NA | NA |
|
Kulkarni et al,
2019 ( 31) |
the USA | n=55(in total) n=40(72% with ATBs) |
-< 1m to during | anti-PD-(L)1 | NA | NA | 2.9 v 5.0 Δ=2.1 |
not affected. | (Univariate) 2.3(1.0-5.0) |
not affected | not affected. | NA |
|
Derosa et al,
2020 ( 15) |
France | n=69(in total) n=11(16% with ATBs) |
NA | nivolumab | NA | 23.54 (0.66-32.21) |
1.87 vs 5.09 Δ=3.22 |
24.6 vs undefined | (Univariate) 3.85(1.69–8.78) |
(Univariate) 3.84 (1.16–12.70) |
9% vs.28% P< 0.03 |
73% vs.33% |
ATB, antibiotics; ATB+, antibiotics present; ATB, antibiotics absent; w, week(s); m, month(s); d, days; NA, not available; NR, not reached; mFollow-up, median follow-up; mPFS, median progression free survival; mOS, median overall survival; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ORR, objective response rate; PD, primary progressive disease; P, p-value.