Table 3.
Synergistic action of flavonoids with various drug molecules.
| Flavonoid | miRNA and its expression | Combination drug molecule | Physiological effect | Model system (cell lines) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | Suppresses miR-21 | Hyperoside | Apoptosis ↑, Caspase-3↑, Migration ↓, Invasion ↓, ROS↓ | Prostate cancer (PC3) | [183] |
| Quercetin | Suppresses miR-21, miR-19b, miR-148a | Arctigenin | Proliferation↓, Migration ↓, AR signaling↓, PI3K/AKT signaling↓ | Prostate cancer (LAPC4, LNCaP) | [184] |
| Quercetin | Suppresses miR-27a | Resveratrol | Cell proliferation↓, Apoptosis ↑, Caspase-3, PARP cleavage ↑ | Colorectal cancer (HT29) | [141] |
| Quercetin | Suppresses mir15a and mir330 | Docetaxel | Tumor growth↓, Ki67↓, cleaved caspase 7↑ | Prostate cancer (PC3) | [148] |
| Quercetin | Upregulates miR-217 | Cisplatin | KRAS↓ | Osteosarcoma (143B) | [149] |
| Difluorinated curcumin | Downregulates miR-21 | 5-Flurouracil + Oxaliplatin | PTEN↓, Akt phosphorylation↓ | colon cancer HCT116 cells SCID mice xenografts |
[150] |
| Silibinin | Upregulates miR-7-1-3p | Luteolin | Apoptosis ↑, Autophagy ↓, Caspase-3, -8, -9↑ | Glioblastoma Multiforme (U87MG, T98G) | [84] |
| Genistein | Upregulates miR-145 | 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, Trichostatin A | Apoptosis ↑, Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase↑ | Prostate cancer (PC3) | [138] |
| Genistein | Upregulates miR-218 | Propofol | Apoptosis↑, Proliferation↓, Caspase-3 ↑ | Glioblastoma Multiforme (U251, 9L) | [85] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | Upregulates miR-155-5p | 5-FluoroUracil | Apoptosis ↑, MDR1↓, GRP78 ↓, NF-κB ↓, Proliferation ↓, tumor growth in mice ↓ | Colorectal cancer (HCT116, DLD1) | [147] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | Downregulates hsa-miR-98-5p | Cisplatin | Apoptosis↑, p53↑, MAPK↓ | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549) | [118] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | NEAT1/hsa-mir-98-5p crosstalk | Cisplatin | CTR1↑, Cell growth↓, | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549, H460 and H1299) Nude mouse xenograft | [146] |
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) | Upregulates miR-214-5p | Temozolomide (TMZ) | β-catenin↑, MGMT↑ | Glioma TMZ-resistant LN-18/TR | [86] |