Table 4. Estimated associations of work with selected health outcomesa.
| Health outcome | Probit | Bivariate probitb | N | ||
|
| |||||
| dy/dxc | 95% CI | dy/dx | 95% CI | ||
| All | |||||
| Poor self-rated health | −0.064 | (−0.066, −0.063) | −0.067 | (−0.072, −0.062) | 1,483,591 |
| Subjective symptoms | −0.049 | (−0.050, −0.047) | −0.142 | (−0.149, −0.136) | 1,483,591 |
| ADL problems | −0.066 | (−0.067, −0.064) | −0.097 | (−0.102, −0.091) | 1,218,037 |
| Stress/anxiety | −0.017 | (−0.019, −0.014) | 0.164 | (0.157, 0.171) | 967,703 |
| Psychological stress | −0.044 | (−0.047, −0.041) | 0.122 | (0.113, 0.131) | 446,515 |
|
| |||||
| Men | |||||
| Poor self-rated health | −0.083 | (−0.085, −0.081) | −0.056 | (−0.062, −0.049) | 645,618 |
| Subjective symptoms | −0.064 | (−0.067, −0.062) | −0.143 | (−0.151, −0.135) | 706,192 |
| ADL problems | −0.089 | (−0.091, −0.087) | −0.087 | (−0.093, −0.081) | 584,614 |
| Stress/anxiety | −0.035 | (−0.039, −0.032) | 0.165 | (0.156, 0.174) | 468,350 |
| Psychological stress | −0.060 | (−0.064, −0.056) | 0.115 | (0.104, 0.126) | 219,236 |
|
| |||||
| Women | |||||
| Poor self-rated health | −0.048 | (−0.050, −0.046) | −0.092 | (−0.100, −0.083) | 707,170 |
| Subjective symptoms | −0.036 | (−0.038, −0.034) | −0.149 | (−0.159, −0.139) | 777,399 |
| ADL problems | −0.046 | (−0.048, −0.044) | −0.126 | (−0.135, −0.118) | 633,423 |
| Stress/anxiety | −0.005 | (−0.008, −0.002) | 0.159 | (0.148, 0.170) | 499,353 |
| Psychological stress | −0.030 | (−0.034, −0.026) | 0.118 | (0.104, 0.132) | 227,279 |
ADL, activities of daily living; CI, confidence interval.
aControlled for exogenous variables, individual-level covariates, and prefecture- and survey year-level fixed effects.
bThe Wald test for the null hypothesis of no correlation between the errors of the two probit models for health and work was rejected for all cases (P < 0.001).
cAn expected change in the probability of each health outcome in response to a change from 0 to 1 of the explanatory variable.