Table 3. Median and geometric means of HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in participants grouped by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 quartiles.
| Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, ng/mL | P-value | ||||
|
| |||||
| 1st quartile group | 2nd quartile group | 3rd quartile group | 4th quartile group | ||
| ≤18.10 (2.08–18.10) | 18.11–22.90 | 22.91–28.17 | ≥28.18 (28.18–78.83) | ||
| (n = 120) | (n = 120) | (n = 120) | (n = 120) | ||
| HOMA-IR | |||||
| Median (interquartile range) | 1.06 (0.72–1.74) | 0.98 (0.63–1.42) | 0.98 (0.66–1.74) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) | 0.43 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 1 | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 0.98 (0.84–1.16) | 0.15 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 2 | 1.20 (0.93–1.53) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | 0.99 (0.77–1.25) | 0.20 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 3 | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.98 (0.79–1.20) | 1.09 (0.88–1.34) | 0.95 (0.77–1.16) | 0.21 |
| HOMA-β | |||||
| Median (interquartile range) | 52.5 (37.4–82.5) | 52.0 (36.0–75.7) | 53.5 (34.7–80.8) | 51.6 (30.3–73.0) | 0.66 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 1 | 52.1 (44.4–61.1) | 51.3 (43.7–60.3) | 53.2 (45.6–62.2) | 48.8 (42.4–56.1) | 0.75 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 2 | 52.9 (42.7–65.4) | 52.6 (42.5–65.1) | 55.1 (44.4–68.2) | 51.0 (41.4–62.9) | 0.83 |
| Adjusted geometric mean (95% CI), model 3 | 48.7 (40.3–58.9) | 49.3 (40.8–59.6) | 53.3 (44.1–64.4) | 49.5 (41.2–59.6) | 0.58 |
CI, confidence interval.
The Kruskal-Wallis test, or analysis of covariance with three different models was used to compare HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in each serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 quartile group: model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and months of blood sample collection; model 2 adjusted for the same covariates used in model 1, in addition to smoking habits, estimated glomerular filtration rate, work status, exercise habits, alcohol intake, protein intake, fat intake, and total dietary fiber intake; model 3 adjusted for the same covariates used in model 2, in addition to body mass index.