Table 2.
Main results of systematic reviews focused on the link between shift work and lipid disorders.
| References, Country | Type - Shift work (n) | Assessment of outcomes (n) | Confounding factors (n) | Main results shift work vs. day work (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boggild and Knutsson (21), Nordic countries | Unspecified (16) | TC (16) TG (12) measurements HDL/LDL (3) |
MD | TC (16): no difference TC level (10); higher TC level for SW or different organizations of SW (5); lower TC for male SW, but no difference for women (1) Significant changes between 3 and 20% in cholesterol (3) HDL-C and LDL-C: no difference (3) TG (12): No difference (8); higher TG for SW (4); higher values for counter clockwise than clockwise rotation (1) |
| Esquirol et al. (12), France | Permanent night (5) Rotating (18) Unspecified (2) |
TC (13) TG (6) HDL (8) LDL (6) measurements, HighTG (6) LowHDL (6) HighTC (3) Self-reported highTC (1) |
NA (8) Adjustments (15) |
TC: Longitudinal studies: - no difference of Hypercholesterolemia (5); higher hypercholesterolemia in SW (2) - TC mean increase in SW (1) - TC level raised 14 years later ≥20/≥25/≥30/≥40%; OR = 1.16 (1.07–1.26)/1.16 (1.05–1.28)/1.11 (0.98–1.25)/1.30 (1.07–1.58) (2) - Exposure duration: a 5% risk of 20% increase TC for SW> = 20 years (1); increase of TC level with exposure duration for SW ♂ ≥30 y but not ♀ ≥30 y SW (1) TC: Cross-sectional studies: no difference of Hypercholesterolemia (5); higher Hypercholesterolemia in SW (1) HDL-C: no difference of hypoHDLemia (7); higher hypoHDLemia (5) LDL-C: no difference of LDLemia (5) TG: no difference of Hypertriglyceridemia (3); higher hypertriglyceridemia in SW (6) |
| Proper et al. (14), Netherlands | Permanent night (1) Rotating (8) Unspecified (3) |
TC (7) TG (4) HDL (3) LDL (1) measurements, HighTG (3) LowHDL (3) HighTC (1) LDL/HDL (1) |
NA (3) Adjustments (9) |
TC: higher TC level (5); no difference of TC (5) HDL-C, LDL-C, TG: positive association (5); no difference (5) |
| Dutheil et al. (22), France Meta-analysis |
Permanent night Rotating Unspecified |
SMD or high level of TC, LDL, low level of HDL | NA for main results | TC increase: Only permanent night shift: SMD = 0.22 (0.01–0.42) p = 0.043, I2 60.3% (4) Hypercholesterolemia: NS results HDL-C decrease: Permanent night shift: SMD = −0.16 (−0.32 to 0.00), p = 0.05, I2 72.3%; Rotating 3 × 8 shift SMD = −0.10 (−0.17 to −0.02), p = 0.01, I2 78.8%; Non-specified shift: SMD = −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.01), p = 0.027, I2 81.7%; HypoHDLemia: NS results LDL-C increase: NS results TG increase: permanent night shift SMD = 0.18 (0.03–0.33), p = 0.017, I2 73.8% (7); Rotating 3 × 8 shift SMD = 0.09 (0.03–0.16), p = 0.004, I2 73.6% (21) Rotating 2 × 12 shift: SMD = 0.07 (0.01–0.13), p = 0.017, 31.6% (11); Unspecified shift SMD = 0.11 (0.03–0.18), p = 0.004, I2 80.9% (12) Hypertriglyceridemia: OR = 1.12 (1.01–1.23), p < 0.001, I2 55.2% |
(n), number of studies concerned; SW, shift work; HDL-C, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-C, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Total Triglycerides; SMD, standardized mean difference; MD, Missing Data; NA, Non Adjusted.