Table 6.
Main results of systematic reviews focused on the link between shift work and occupational psychosocial stressors.
| References, Country | Type - Shift work (n) | Assessment of outcomes (n) | Confounding factors (n) | Main results shift work vs. day work (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angerer et al. (34), Germany Meta-analysis |
Permanent night (5) Rotating (11) Irregular (2) |
Depression: GHQ-12; HADS; COPSOQ; Prescriptions of antidepressants; Psychiatric interview; ICD | Adjustments (11) | Depression: Shift work: pooled OR = 1.42 (0.92–2.19), I2 74.4% (5); Shift work with autonomy in their schedule planning: lower risk of depressive symptoms (1) |
| Tahghighi et al. (33), Australia |
Shift work (5) Rotating (28) Permanent night (17) |
Wellbeing/Quality of Life: 1 item measure of wellbeing; Scale of the negative effects of work time; Conflict between work and family rating scale; Chinese health questionnaire 12-item; WHOQOL-BREF Job satisfaction: Job satisfaction scales; Standard shift work index questionnaire; Job, family and life satisfaction scale Burnout: MBI; CBI; Job stress questionnaire from the Korean occupational stress scale Depression, Anxiety and Stress: NSS; BDI-II; CES-D; PHQ-9; HAD-S; Taiwan nurse stress checklist; STAI-Y; Profile of mood states; GHQ-12 Resilience and Coping: Coping questionnaire; Hardiness and resilience Scales |
MD |
Wellbeing/Quality of Life (8): Association between Shift work and poor quality of life and low psychological wellbeing, dependent on the type of shifts Job satisfaction/Burnout (11): Higher rates of burnout in the shift workers (5); Impact of different types of shift work on job satisfaction and burnout: mixed results (6) Depression, Anxiety and Stress (17): inconsistent results Resilience and Coping (9): inconsistent results |
| Zhao et al. (35), Australia Meta-analysis |
Shift work (12) Rotating (5) Permanent night or evening (12) Irregular (14) |
General mental health: Kessler-6 (4); SF-36/SF-12 (7); GHQ-12 (5); ILfeld psychiatric symptoms index (3) Depression: CES-D (8); BDI (3); WHO wellbeing scale (3); NHP (1); CIDI-SF (1); PHQ-9 (1); HAD-S (1); STAI-Y (1) |
NA (6) Adjustments (27) |
Mental health problems: Shift work: OR = 1.32 (1.01–1.73), I2 63% (4); Night/Evening work: significant association (5/12) |
(n), number of studies concerned; MD, missing data; NA, non adjusted.