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. 2022 Nov 23;16:1006923. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006923

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Copyright © 2022 Yamakawa, Nakane, Ihara, Tawara, Ikeda, Igarashi, Komohara, Takamatsu, Ikeda, Tomita, Murai, Ando, Mukaino, Ogawa and Ueda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Quantification of intestinal transit. (A) Normal illumination mode, (B) fluorescent mode, and (C) merge of intestinal transit from one control mouse as a representative image. (D–J) GI motility in vivo was assessed by the intestinal distribution of non-absorbable fluorescein-labeled dextran (FD70). (D) At week 4, (G) week 8, and (I) week 15, the distribution patterns of FD70 was plotted in a histogram, indicating results from each group. (E) At week 4, (H) week 8, and (J) week 15, the geometric center (GC) of the mice are depicted using a histogram. (F) The histological findings of ileoileal intussusception in one mouse treated with peptide 1 on day 30 are shown. (K) The distribution patterns of FD70 of the three groups are plotted in a histogram, and (L) the GC values of the three groups are shown in a histogram. The fluorescent intensity for the entire GI tract was calculated using ImageJ 1.52a. Data are expressed as the percentage of fluorescence intensity per segment of 14 parts (stom, stomach; sb, small bowel segments 1–10; cecum, col, colon segments 1–2) and is plotted in a histogram. The GC was calculated using the following formula: S (% FD70 per segment × segment number)/100. Asterisk denotes statistical significance.