Table 3.

Scan-Orient-Plan-Equip-Train-Act-Reflect (SOPETAR) process model steps.

Step	Details
Scan	Increases understanding by implementers and stakeholders of available resources, personnel, structures, and relevant policy to steer strategy, operations, context and gaps; involves appropriate stakeholders, promotes embeddedness. Scan data is incorporated into subsequent steps, enhancing efficient and focused planning, equipping, training, and action.
Orient	Promotes early, purposeful, clear introduction about the upcoming intervention; encourages broad, sequential (i.e., cascade), and purposeful stakeholder engagement. Guided by the principle of collective action, orientations are conducted by trusted individuals, encouraging participation, and providing early opportunity to voice concerns and ideas at all levels.
Plan	Considers strengths, gaps, and priorities prior to equipping, training and actions; ensures participant contributions to clearly documented and agreed-upon actions and targets. Planning meetings occur with key stakeholder groups at all levels and sites, following a specific, dedicated, and focused process; alignment with existing systems, policies, and planning processes is encouraged.
Equip	Ensures necessary materials, supplies, and equipment for participant group to complete quality training and put new skills into action. Equipment is provided according to stakeholder priorities during planning. An equipment orientation and maintenance strategy is critical to optimizing use and longevity.
Train	Builds general and specific capacity at all levels. Training workshops engage using participatory and train-the-trainer approaches. Workshops occur within communities, use a low-cost model, are consistent with national programming; regular refreshers promote retention and sustainability.
Act	Actions follow a workplan guiding quality activities at all implementation levels to reach ultimate beneficiaries. Innovation and use of existing resources are encouraged. Action plans are monitored and revised regularly.
Reflect	Enables key user groups to identify, consider, and address implementation challenges, successes, facilitators, and barriers. This reinvigorates the SOPETAR cycle and its steps for the subsequent sustainability phase.