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VSP inhibited the adhesion and invasion of UPEC CFT073 on the 5637 (HTB-9) cells. (A), A scheme of the VSP administration and E. coli infection. (B, C), The adhesion and invasion rates of UPEC CFT073 were assessed on MacConkey agar plates. Each symbol in this graph represents the value from one single group, and the geometric mean is shown as a horizontal line. n=6, compared with the model group: *** p < 0.001, the results were determined by the Mann-Whitney test.
