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. 2022 Nov 23;13:1023611. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1023611

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Copyright © 2022 López-Córdoba, Martínez-Lorenzana, Lozano-Cuenca, Condés-Lara and González-Hernández.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intrathecal (i.t.) clonidine (α_2A/2B/2C-adrenoceptor agonist) inhibits behavioral nociception. (A) Flinching number over time during phase I (P1) and phase II (P2) of the mean number per minute of flinches observed after i.t., clonidine (0.1, 1, and 10 nmol; n = 5 each dose) in rats submitted to the 1% formalin test (50 μl, s.c.). (B,C) show the time course data expressed as the area under the mean number of flinches against the time curve (AUC). Clonidine reduced AUC values during both phases (P1, P2), indicating an antinociceptive effect. Clonidine was given 10 min prior to formalin injection.