TABLE 2.
Differences in characteristics between responders (>2 mmHg for diastolic BP) and non-responders who did not present this response.
| Responders (n = 26) | Non-responders (n = 34) | Δ | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Age, years | 65 ± 3 (64 to 67) | 66 ± 4 (65 to 68) | −1 ± 5 (−1 to 3) | 0.445 |
| Body weight, kg | 81 ± 10 (77 to 85) | 77 ± 15 (72 to 83) | 4 ± 17 (−10 to 3) | 0.329 |
| Height, cm | 167 ± 8 (162 to 170) | 166 ± 8 (163 to 170) | 1 ± 11 (−5 to 5) | 0.305 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 ± 3 (28 to 30) | 28 ± 4 (27 to 29) | 1 ± 5 (−3 to 1) | 0.327 |
| Anti-hypertensive medications | 2 ± 1 (2 to 3) | 2 ± 1 (2 to 3) | 0 ± 5 (−1 to 1) | 0.698 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 13 (50) | 22 (65) | — | 0.842 |
| β blockers, n (%) | 2 (7) | 10 (29) | — | 0.088 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inibitors, n (%) | 8 (30) | 9 (26) | — | 0.485 |
| Angiotensin receptor antagonists, n (%) | 6 (23) | 11 (32) | — | 0.907 |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 4 (15) | 11 (32) | — | 0.121 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers, n (%) | 4 (15) | 2 (6) | — | 0.417 |
| Hemodynamic measures | ||||
| Office systolic BP, mmHg | 136 ± 18 (126 to 147) | 138 ± 15 (132 to 144) | −2 ± 29 (−9 to 13) | 0.740 |
| Office diastolic BP, mmHg | 79 ± 12 (73 to 86) | 80 ± 10 (76 to 84) | −1 ± 17 (−6 to 7) | 0.887 |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 67 ± 11 (62 to 72) | 65 ± 11 (60 to 69) | 2 ± 17 (−9 to 5) | 0.522 |
| Systolic ABPM, mmHg | ||||
| 24-hour Exercise | 128 ± 12 (124 to 133) | 133 ± 11 (129 to 137) | −5 ± 17 (−2 to 10) | 0.145 |
| 24-hour Control | 131 ± 4 (126 to 137) | 131 ± 12 (126 to 135) | 0 ± 17 (−7 to 6) | 0.852 |
| Δ 24-hour | −3 ± 7 (−7 to −2) | 2 ± 6 (0 to 4) | −5 ± 11 (−11 to −4) | <0.001 |
| Day-time Exercise | 132 ± 13 (127 to 138) | 137 ± 12 (132 to 140) | −5 ± 17 (−10 to 2) | 0.206 |
| Day-time Control | 135 ± 13 (130 to 141) | 134 ± 14 (129 to 139) | 1 ± 23 (−6 to 8) | 0.709 |
| Δ Day-time | −3 ± 6 (−6 to −1) | 3 ± 6 (1 to 5) | −6 ± 11 (−10 to −3) | <0.001 |
| Night-time Exercise | 121 ± 14 (115 to 126) | 123 ± 15 (117 to 128) | −2 ± 17 (−9 to 5) | 0.535 |
| Night-time Control | 123 ± 17 (116 to 129) | 121 ± 14 (117 to 127) | 2 ± 23 (−7 to 8) | 0.856 |
| Δ Night-time | −2 ± 12 (−10 to −1) | 2 ± 8 (−1 to 5) | −4 ± 17 (−12 to −2) | 0.006 |
| Diastolic ABPM, mmHg | ||||
| 24-hour Exercise | 75 ± 8 (73 to 79) | 79 ± 10 (75 to 82) | −4 ± 11 (−7 to 1) | 0.176 |
| 24-hour Control | 78 ± 8 (75 to 81) | 78 ± 9 (74 to 81) | 0 ± 11 (−4 to 5) | 0.782 |
| Δ 24-hour | −3 ± 4 (−5 to −1) | 1 ± 3 (0 to 2) | −4 ± 5 (−6 to −2) | <0.001 |
| Day-time Exercise | 79 ± 7 (76 to 82) | 81 ± 10 (77 to 84) | −2 ± 11 (−6 to 3) | 0.448 |
| Day-time Control | 81 ± 8 (78 to 85) | 80 ± 10 (76 to 83) | 1 ± 5 (−3 to 6) | 0.533 |
| Δ Day-time | −2 ± 4 (−4 to −1) | 1 ± 3 (0 to 2) | −3 ± 5 (-5 to −2) | 0.001 |
| Night-time Exercise | 68 ± 9 (65 to 73) | 71 ± 10 (67 to 74) | −3 ± 17 (−7 to 3) | 0.413 |
| Night-time Control | 71 ± 9 (67 to 75) | 70 ± 10 (67 to 73) | 1 ± 17 (−4 to 5) | 0.726 |
| Δ Night-time | −3 ± 7 (−7 to −1) | 1 ± 4 (0 to 3) | −4 ± 11 (−8 to −2) | 0.001 |
Values are Means ± standard deviation (95% Confidence Interval); BMI, body mass index; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Δ ABPM is comparing the results of the interventions (exercise session minus control session).
Bold p-values indicate significant results (p < 0.05).