Table 3.
Association between Social and Clinical Variables and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients
| Variable | Presence of Depression n (%) |
Absence of Depression n (%) |
COR (St.Er) | AOR (St.Er) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| < 40 | 4 (80%) | 1 (20%) | 1.39 (1.12) | |
| 40-49 | 20 (58.8%) | 14 (41.2%) | -1.03 (1.17) | |
| 50-59 | 62 (81.6%) | 14 (18.4%) | Reference | |
| 60-69 | 33 (80.5%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.03 (1.18) | |
| ≥ 70 | 6 (100%) | 0 | 15.2 (979.61) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 10 (100%) | 0 | 0.74 (2.23) | |
| Married | 57 (67.9%) | 27 (32.1%) | Reference | |
| Divorced | 37 (86.0%) | 6 (14.0%) | 16.82 (1251.05) | |
| Widowed | 17 (80.9%) | 4 (19.1%) | 0.70 (0.60) | |
| Cohabitate | 4 (100%) | 0 | 16.82 (1978.09) | |
| Social status | ||||
| Employed | 45(68.2) | 21 (31.8%) | Reference | Reference |
| Retired | 42 (84.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | 0.9 (0.47)* | 2.62 (0.94)** |
| Self Employed | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.7%) | 0.7 (0.69) | 1.13 (0.99) |
| Unemployed | 25 (83.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.84 (0.47) | 2.68 (1.07)* |
| Number of children | ||||
| 0 | 13 (92.9%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1.46 (1.06)* | |
| 1- 2 | 69 (75.0%) | 23 (25.0%) | Reference | |
| 3 – 4 | 41 (75.9%) | 13 (24.1%) | 5.00 (3.99) | |
| ≥5 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 1.45 (1.02) | |
| Schooling | ||||
| High school | 21 (91.3%) | 2 (8.7%) | 2.35 (0.74)* | |
| Technical / Special degree without bachelor's degree |
41 (87.2%) | 6 (12.8%) | 1.30 (0.51)* | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 41 (65.1%) | 22 (34.9%) | Reference | |
| Not completed bachelor’s degree | 9 (75.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.48 (0.72) | |
| Master’s degree | 5 (83.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.99 (1.13) | |
| Doctorate degree or equivalent | 8 (72.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0.36 (0.73) | |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 66 (75.9%) | 21 (24.1%) | Reference | |
| Suburban | 47 (83.9%) | 9 (16.1%) | 0.51 (0.44) | |
| Rural | 12 (63.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | -0.61 (0.54) | |
| Monthly income level (kzt) | ||||
| less than 116 126 | 23 (95.8%) | 1 (4.2%) | 1.91 (1.05) | 2.08 (1.57) |
| 116 126 – 232 252 | 71 (77.2%) | 21 (22.8%) | Reference | Reference |
| 232 252 – 348 378 | 26 (81.3%) | 6 (18.7%) | 0.25 (0.52) | 1.26 (0.74). |
| 348 378 and higher | 5 (35.7%) | 9 (64.3%) | -1.80 (0.61)** | -1.55 (1.06)* |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Never | 49 (73.1%) | 18 (26.9%) | Reference | |
| Once in a while | 49 (81.7%) | 11 (18.3%) | -1.27 (1.07) | |
| Several times a months | 12 (63.2%) | 7 (36.8%) | -2.17 (1.14). | |
| Several times a week | 15 (93.7%) | 1 (6.3%) | 2.71 (1.03)** | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Do not smoke | 89 (82.4%) | 19 (17.6%) | Reference | |
| Electronic cigarettes | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9%) | -0.46 (0.50) | |
| Regular cigarettes | 23 (71.9%) | 9 (28.1%) | 1.03 (0.28)*** | |
| Variable | Presence of Depression n (%) |
Absence of Depression n (%) |
COR (St.Er) | AOR (St.Er) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Never | 70 (79.5%) | 18 (20.5%) | Reference | |
| Once in a while | 38 (74.5%) | 13 (25.5%) | 1.07 (1.05) | |
| Several times a months | 15 (78.9%) | 4 (21.1%) | 1.32 (1.14) | |
| Several times a week | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) | 1.51 ( 1.03) | |
| Social support | ||||
| Yes | 112 (75.7%) | 36 (24.3%) | Reference | |
| No | 13 (92.9%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1.43 (1.06) | |
| Reliability of social support | ||||
| Yes | 16 (37.2%) | 27 (62.8%) | -2.91 (0.46)*** | -4.18 (0.86)*** |
| No | 109 (91.6%) | 10 (8.4%) | Reference | Reference |
| Clinical diagnosis | ||||
| Unilateral breast cancer | 117 (76.0%) | 37 (24.0%) | Reference | |
| Bilateral breast cancer | 8 (100%) | 0 | 16.41 (1398.7) | |
| Histopathological diagnosis | ||||
| Invasive ductal carcinoma | 108 (78.8%) | 29 (21.2%) | Reference | |
| Invasive lobular carcinoma | 3 (50.0%) | 3 (50.0%) | -1.31 (0.84) | |
| Invasive lobular duct | 5 (62.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | -0.80 (0.76) | |
| Low differentiated adenocarcinoma | 4 (100%) | 0 | 15.25 (1199.7) | |
| No diagnosis in medical records | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | -0.39 (0.86) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I or II | 92 (71.9%) | 36 (2.1%) | Reference | Reference |
| III | 22 (95.6%) | 1 (4.4%) | 2.15 (1.04)* | 3.92 (1.67)* |
| IV | 11 (100%) | 0 | 16.63 (1192.83) | 18.08(1625.02) |
*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001; COR, Crude Odds Ratio; ΑOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p=0.917, Adjusted Nagelkerke R2 = 58.7%, Overall Predictive Ability=77.2%