Table 2.
Prevalence of KPC by Risk Factor and Crude Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals Measuring Associations between Risk Factors and KPC
| Factors | Number | KPC positive | Crude OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | |||||
| Overall | 490,969 | 5,672 | 1.2 | NA | NA | NA |
| PZQ treatments | <0.001* | |||||
| None | 358,408 | 3,990 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
| One time | 98,408 | 1,219 | 1.2 | 1.11 | 1.04 - 1.19 | |
| Two times | 20,883 | 273 | 1.3 | 1.18 | 1.04 - 1.33 | |
| Three times | 6,078 | 86 | 1.4 | 1.27 | 1.03 - 1.58 | |
| More than three times | 7,192 | 104 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.07 - 1.59 | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 304,685 | 3,013 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 186,274 | 2,659 | 1.4 | 1.45 | 1.38 - 1.53 | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||||
| <50 | 151,213 | 617 | 0.4 | 1 | ||
| 50-60 | 202,939 | 1,706 | 0.8 | 2.07 | 1.89 - 2.27 | |
| >60 | 136,817 | 3,349 | 2.5 | 6.12 | 5.62 - 6.68 | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||
| Certificate and higher | 22,788 | 144 | 0.6 | 1 | ||
| Secondary | 91,152 | 617 | 0.7 | 1.07 | 0.89 - 1.29 | |
| Primary and lower | 377,027 | 4,911 | 1.3 | 2.08 | 1.76 - 2.45 | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | |||||
| Others | 70,001 | 609 | 0.9 | 1 | ||
| Unemployed | 19,651 | 493 | 2.5 | 2.93 | 2.60 - 3.31 | |
| Farmer | 401,316 | 4,570 | 1.1 | 1.31 | 1.21 - 1.43 | |
| Smoking history | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 390,665 | 4,217 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 100,304 | 1,455 | 1.5 | 1.35 | 1.27 - 1.43 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 456,201 | 4,832 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 34,768 | 840 | 2.4 | 2.31 | 2.15 - 2.49 | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 460,308 | 4,949 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 30,661 | 723 | 2.4 | 2.22 | 2.05 - 2.40 | |
*Indicated p-value based on score test for trend of odds; KPC: Kidney parenchymal change; PZQ, Praziquantel; NA, Not applicable; OR, odd ratio from simple logistic regression; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval of crude OR