Table 2.

Associations between Tobacco Adverts and Smoking Behavior among Youth

	Odds ratios (95%CI)
	Total		Males		Females		Public schools		Private schools
	[1]		[2]		[3]		[4]		[5]
(a) Ever smoked
Seen tobacco adverts near home	1.42*	(1.11 - 1.81)	1.54*	(1.03 - 2.29)	1.38*	(1.01 - 1.90)	1.31	(0.91 - 1.88)	1.56*	(1.12 - 2.17)
Seen tobacco adverts near schools	1.29	(0.72 - 2.31)	2.47	(0.72 - 8.43)	0.93	(0.47 - 1.82)	n/a		1.26	(0.70 - 2.28)
Seen tobacco adverts on social media	1.05	(0.85 - 1.31)	1.27	(0.90 - 1.79)	0.92	(0.70 - 1.22)	1.34	(0.97 - 1.85)	0.85	(0.64 - 1.14)
Family members smoking	1.69*	(1.20 - 2.37)	2.13*	(1.17 - 3.86)	1.5	(0.99 - 2.28)	1.82*	(1.11 - 2.99)	1.59	(1.00 - 2.54)
Friends/teachers smoking	0.76*	(0.60 - 0.97)	1.92*	(1.22 - 3.04)	0.46*	(0.34 - 0.62)	0.72	(0.51 - 1.01)	0.79	(0.56 - 1.10)
N	3,557		1,236		2,321		1,713		1,842
(b) Smoked in last 10 days
Seen tobacco adverts near home	2.29*	(1.53 - 3.44)	2.17*	(1.20 - 3.92)	2.61*	(1.48 - 4.59)	1.79*	(1.01 - 3.19)	2.93*	(1.66 - 5.18)
Seen tobacco adverts near schools	1.6	(0.63 - 4.05)	3.52	(0.46 - 26.93)	1.03	(0.35 - 2.98)	n/a		1.63	(0.64 - 4.19)
Seen tobacco adverts in social media	0.86	(0.64 - 1.17)	0.94	(0.59 - 1.49)	0.79	(0.52 - 1.20)	1.04	(0.66 - 1.64)	0.71	(0.47 - 1.08)
Family members smoking	4.61*	(2.15 - 9.90)	4.66*	(1.44 - 15.03)	4.73*	(1.72 - 12.99)	3.97*	(1.44 - 10.95)	5.51*	(1.72 - 17.62)
Friends/teachers smoking	0.96	(0.67 - 1.39)	2.07*	(1.07 - 4.01)	0.61*	(0.39 - 0.96)	0.93	(0.55 - 1.58)	0.96	(0.58 - 1.59)
N	3,557		1,236		2,321		1,713		1,842

Adverts, advertisements; N,observation; CI, confidence interval; n/a, not available; Logit regressions were conducted in STATA 15.1. Control variables include gender, age, education, parent employment, and school type. Level of significance * p<0.05