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. 2022 Jul;23(7):2469–2476. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.7.2469

Table 3.

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer

Characteristics Cases (N=190) Control (N=187) OR (95%CI) P-value
Age in years, n(%)
< 40 7 (3.7) 3 (1.6) Ref -
40 – 60 89 (46.8) 74 (39.6) 1.94 (0.49 – 7.77) 0.349
> 60 94 (49.5) 110 (58.8) 2.73 (0.69 – 10.86) 0.154
Dysmenorrhea, n(%)
Yes 23 (12.1) 22 (11.8) Ref -
No 167 (87.9) 165 (88.2) 1.03 (0.55 – 1.93) 0.919
Menarche Age, n(%)
≤ 13 year 77 (40.5) 64 (34.2) Ref -
> 13 years 113 (59.5) 123 (65.8) 1.31 (0.86 – 1.99) 0.207
Menopausal Age, n(%)
≤ 45 year 29 (15.3) 30 (16.0) Ref -
> 45 years 95 (50.0) 108 (58.8) 1.10 (0.62 – 1.96) 0.750
Not reached to menopause yet 66 (34.7) 49 (26.2) 0.72 (0.38 – 1.35) 0.302
Miscarriage/still birth, n(%)
No 130 (68.4) 137 (73.3) Ref -
Yes 60 (31.6) 50 (26.7) 1.27 (0.81 – 1.97) 0.302
Breast Cancer Family History, n(%)
Yes 23 (12.1) 16 (8.6) Ref -
No 167 (87.9) 171 (91.4) 0.68 (0.35 – 1.33) 0.260
Family History of any type of cancer, n(%)
Yes 57 (30.0) 72 (38.5) Ref -
No 133 (70.0) 115 (61.5) 0.69 (0.45 – 1.05) 0.082
Comorbidity – Diabetes, n(%)
Yes 30 (15.8) 42 (22.5) Ref -
No 160 (84.2) 145 (77.5) 1.55 (0.92 – 2.59) 0.101
Comorbidity – Hypertension, n(%)
Yes 45 (23.7) 57 (30.5) Ref -
No 145 (76.3) 130 (69.5) 1.41 (0.90 – 1.41) 0.138
Comorbidity – Thyroid, n(%)
Yes 37 (19.5) 39 (20.9) Ref -
No 153 (80.5) 148 (79.1) 1.09 (0.66 – 1.80) 0.738