Table 1.
The incidence of CAVD in 1990/2019.
| 1990 | 2019 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident cases No *103 (95% UI) | ASIR/100,000 No. (95% UI) | Incident cases No *103 (95% UI) | ASIR/100,000 No. (95% UI) | |||||||||
| Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | |
| Global | 69.64 (59.32~82.58) |
61.18 (50.97~73.84) |
130.82 (110.7~156.02) |
3.63 (3.11~4.27) |
2.88 (2.41~3.45) |
3.25 (2.76~3.86) |
313.8 (271.31~360.92) |
275.83 (239.87~317.14) |
589.64 (512.9~677.06) |
7.95 (6.92~9.09) |
6.31 (5.49~7.26) |
7.13 (6.22~8.15) |
| SDI level | ||||||||||||
| High SDI | 44.82 (37.39~53.93) |
47.86 (39.24~58.27) |
92.68 (76.42~112.27) |
9.9 (8.32~11.84) |
8.49 (7~10.28) |
9.18 (7.65~11.05) |
153.12 (133.19~177.54) |
176.7 (152.55~204.1) |
329.82 (285.98~381.25) |
19.31 (16.87~22.23) |
18.66 (16.22~21.66) |
19.04 (16.65~21.96) |
| High-middle SDI | 16.38 (13.68~19.36) |
10.01 (8.51~11.81) |
26.39 (22.29~31.01) |
3.17 (2.69~3.72) |
1.68 (1.42~1.97) |
2.4 (2.04~2.79) |
118.39 (98.87~139.91) |
74.82 (64.36~86.77) |
193.22 (163.54~225.65) |
12.25 (10.28~14.34) |
6.92 (5.94~8.03) |
9.59 (8.14~11.18) |
| Middle SDI | 4.28 (3.62~5.08) |
1.91 (1.59~2.32) |
6.19 (5.24~7.33) |
0.87 (0.75~1.01) |
0.4 (0.34~0.48) |
0.63 (0.54~0.73) |
30.87 (25.84~36.65) |
19.07 (15.79~23.07) |
49.94 (41.59~59.44) |
2.38 (2.01~2.78) |
1.42 (1.19~1.69) |
1.89 (1.59~2.23) |
| Low-middle SDI | 2.93 (2.49~3.43) |
0.98 (0.81~1.18) |
3.91 (3.33~4.61) |
1.11 (0.96~1.29) |
0.44 (0.36~0.52) |
0.77 (0.66~0.9) |
8.58 (7.37~10) |
4.02 (3.41~4.78) |
12.6 (10.82~14.6) |
1.38 (1.19~1.59) |
0.62 (0.53~0.74) |
0.98 (0.85~1.14) |
| Low SDI | 1.21 (1.04~1.42) |
0.41 (0.34~0.48) |
1.62 (1.39~1.88) |
1.14 (1~1.3) |
0.49 (0.42~0.58) |
0.82 (0.71~0.94) |
2.72 (2.35~3.18) |
1.14 (0.97~1.34) |
3.86 (3.34~4.46) |
1.14 (0.99~1.31) |
0.56 (0.48~0.65) |
0.84 (0.73~0.97) |
| World Bank Income Level | ||||||||||||
| World Bank High Income | 50.53 (42.41~60.72) |
52.74 (43.46~64) |
103.28 (85.7~124.63) |
9.11 (7.7~10.89) |
7.62 (6.32~9.2) |
8.35 (6.99~10.01) |
181.82 (158.47~210.31) |
208.85 (179.93~241.29) |
390.67 (339.45~451.2) |
19.48 (17.02~22.4) |
18.68 (16.26~21.64) |
19.14 (16.73~22.05) |
| World Bank Upper Middle Income | 11.75 (9.86~13.89) |
6.39 (5.45~7.55) |
18.14 (15.35~21.22) |
1.54 (1.32~1.79) |
0.82 (0.7~0.96) |
1.18 (1.01~1.37) |
108.78 (89.85~129.14) |
59.39 (49.83~70.34) |
168.17 (139.25~198.69) |
6.36 (5.28~7.49) |
3.27 (2.75~3.85) |
4.81 (4~5.65) |
| World Bank Lower Middle Income | 6.73 (5.73~7.87) |
1.77 (1.45~2.19) |
8.5 (7.24~9.96) |
1.36 (1.16~1.57) |
0.4 (0.34~0.49) |
0.87 (0.74~1.01) |
21.73 (18.47~25.39) |
6.82 (5.76~8.11) |
28.55 (24.32~33.44) |
1.87 (1.6~2.16) |
0.61 (0.52~0.72) |
1.22 (1.05~1.41) |
| World Bank Low Income | 0.61 (0.53~0.71) |
0.26 (0.22~0.31) |
0.87 (0.76~1.01) |
0.93 (0.83~1.04) |
0.46 (0.4~0.53) |
0.69 (0.61~0.77) |
1.36 (1.18~1.58) |
0.69 (0.6~0.81) |
2.05 (1.79~2.36) |
0.94 (0.84~1.07) |
0.51 (0.45~0.59) |
0.72 (0.64~0.81) |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 0.1 (0.09~0.11) |
0.05 (0.05~0.06) |
0.15 (0.13~0.17) |
0.95 (0.84~1.06) |
0.51 (0.45~0.59) |
0.72 (0.65~0.81) |
1.66 (1.43~1.91) |
0.49 (0.41~0.57) |
2.15 (1.86~2.46) |
5.74 (4.98~6.62) |
1.62 (1.37~1.9) |
3.62 (3.14~4.16) |
| Australasia | 0.49 (0.4~0.59) |
0.77 (0.68~0.88) |
1.26 (1.1~1.45) |
5.07 (4.27~6) |
5.83 (5.15~6.55) |
5.56 (4.9~6.32) |
9.23 (7.82~10.95) |
10.95 (9.07~13.09) |
20.17 (17.13~23.51) |
42.87 (36.65~50.79) |
45.8 (38.35~54.49) |
44.39 (38.08~51.79) |
| Caribbean | 0.33 (0.3~0.37) |
0.11 (0.1~0.13) |
0.44 (0.4~0.49) |
2.62 (2.36~2.9) |
0.85 (0.75~0.96) |
1.7 (1.53~1.88) |
1.82 (1.55~2.15) |
0.53 (0.46~0.61) |
2.35 (2.02~2.73) |
7.21 (6.13~8.44) |
1.94 (1.67~2.23) |
4.49 (3.86~5.21) |
| Central Asia | 0.19 (0.15~0.23) |
0.14 (0.11~0.18) |
0.33 (0.27~0.4) |
0.87 (0.72~1.04) |
0.5 (0.41~0.63) |
0.66 (0.54~0.8) |
1.74 (1.43~2.06) |
0.9 (0.73~1.07) |
2.65 (2.18~3.11) |
3.97 (3.28~4.66) |
1.87 (1.54~2.21) |
2.86 (2.37~3.35) |
| Central Europe | 5.11 (4.3~6.03) |
4.69 (3.92~5.52) |
9.8 (8.26~11.5) |
7.5 (6.34~8.77) |
5.71 (4.78~6.71) |
6.59 (5.52~7.69) |
27.88 (23.58~32.92) |
29.4 (25.02~34.63) |
57.28 (48.87~67.32) |
34.18 (28.97~40.11) |
31.88 (27.15~37.4) |
33.16 (28.29~38.67) |
| Central Latin America | 0.69 (0.6~0.79) |
0.36 (0.31~0.41) |
1.05 (0.92~1.2) |
1.57 (1.37~1.79) |
0.82 (0.72~0.94) |
1.19 (1.05~1.35) |
3.7 (3.19~4.26) |
2.05 (1.75~2.39) |
5.75 (4.95~6.62) |
3.09 (2.67~3.55) |
1.57 (1.35~1.82) |
2.29 (1.99~2.63) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.11 (0.1~0.13) |
0.05 (0.04~0.06) |
0.16 (0.14~0.19) |
1.21 (1.06~1.37) |
0.7 (0.62~0.8) |
0.94 (0.84~1.06) |
0.25 (0.22~0.3) |
0.16 (0.14~0.18) |
0.41 (0.36~0.47) |
1.22 (1.08~1.38) |
0.76 (0.66~0.85) |
0.97 (0.87~1.1) |
| East Asia | 1.72 (1.37~2.18) |
1.25 (0.98~1.59) |
2.97 (2.37~3.78) |
0.4 (0.32~0.49) |
0.29 (0.23~0.36) |
0.34 (0.28~0.42) |
29.75 (23.71~36.34) |
26.89 (21.55~33.19) |
56.64 (45.3~69.33) |
2.77 (2.24~3.32) |
2.44 (1.97~2.99) |
2.61 (2.11~3.15) |
| Eastern Europe | 6.67 (5.26~8.16) |
1.27 (1.02~1.57) |
7.93 (6.36~9.59) |
5.7 (4.57~6.89) |
0.73 (0.6~0.89) |
2.9 (2.34~3.48) |
57.17 (45.96~69.72) |
11.24 (9.06~13.65) |
68.42 (55.23~82.91) |
42.22 (34.12~50.83) |
5.91 (4.74~7.11) |
22.58 (18.38~27.04) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.34 (0.29~0.39) |
0.16 (0.14~0.19) |
0.5 (0.43~0.57) |
1.02 (0.9~1.15) |
0.64 (0.55~0.74) |
0.83 (0.74~0.95) |
0.77 (0.65~0.91) |
0.4 (0.34~0.47) |
1.17 (1.01~1.35) |
1.05 (0.91~1.2) |
0.64 (0.54~0.74) |
0.84 (0.73~0.96) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 12.34 (10.17~14.87) |
18.14 (14.91~22.22) |
30.47 (25.25~36.92) |
13.49 (11.28~16.05) |
16.33 (13.56~19.81) |
15.12 (12.61~18.17) |
33.55 (27.93~40.84) |
55.05 (45.3~66.38) |
88.6 (73.61~107.12) |
21.84 (18.59~25.63) |
27.65 (23.31~33.08) |
25.04 (21.32~29.6) |
| High-income North America | 25.9 (21.23~31.6) |
23 (18.51~28.36) |
48.91 (39.76~59.97) |
16.97 (13.99~20.58) |
11.97 (9.74~14.71) |
14.32 (11.71~17.4) |
64.38 (55.43~74.66) |
59.19 (50.96~68.17) |
123.57 (106.45~142.33) |
23.54 (20.52~26.98) |
17.26 (14.98~19.67) |
20.23 (17.61~23.2) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 1.6 (1.36~1.87) |
0.43 (0.37~0.52) |
2.04 (1.75~2.37) |
1.76 (1.53~2.03) |
0.6 (0.52~0.71) |
1.19 (1.04~1.36) |
5.25 (4.37~6.23) |
1.82 (1.57~2.13) |
7.07 (5.98~8.35) |
1.98 (1.69~2.31) |
0.89 (0.78~1.02) |
1.46 (1.27~1.69) |
| Oceania | 0.02 (0.02~0.03) |
0.01 (0.01~0.01) |
0.03 (0.02~0.03) |
1.61 (1.35~1.93) |
0.53 (0.46~0.6) |
1.07 (0.91~1.26) |
0.09 (0.07~0.1) |
0.04 (0.04~0.05) |
0.13 (0.11~0.15) |
2.21 (1.86~2.63) |
1.24 (1.04~1.45) |
1.73 (1.47~2.04) |
| South Asia | 3.33 (2.8~3.94) |
0.8 (0.65~0.99) |
4.13 (3.48~4.94) |
1.37 (1.16~1.6) |
0.46 (0.38~0.55) |
0.93 (0.79~1.09) |
9.03 (7.66~10.6) |
3.34 (2.74~4.06) |
12.37 (10.49~14.62) |
1.47 (1.25~1.72) |
0.57 (0.47~0.68) |
1.01 (0.85~1.18) |
| Southeast Asia | 0.44 (0.36~0.53) |
0.28 (0.22~0.34) |
0.71 (0.59~0.86) |
0.41 (0.35~0.48) |
0.24 (0.2~0.29) |
0.32 (0.27~0.38) |
1.88 (1.56~2.24) |
1.42 (1.2~1.71) |
3.29 (2.78~3.94) |
0.64 (0.55~0.75) |
0.45 (0.38~0.53) |
0.54 (0.46~0.64) |
| Southern Latin America | 0.47 (0.4~0.55) |
0.62 (0.49~0.92) |
1.09 (0.9~1.43) |
2.48 (2.1~2.87) |
2.57 (2.03~3.86) |
2.59 (2.13~3.46) |
4.67 (4.07~5.45) |
4.06 (3.57~4.63) |
8.73 (7.73~9.92) |
12.76 (11.17~14.78) |
8.6 (7.56~9.83) |
10.64 (9.44~12.08) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.34 (0.29~0.41) |
0.1 (0.08~0.12) |
0.44 (0.37~0.52) |
2.78 (2.33~3.35) |
0.72 (0.6~0.85) |
1.62 (1.38~1.91) |
4.45 (3.54~5.51) |
0.18 (0.15~0.22) |
4.64 (3.72~5.7) |
14.93 (12.01~18.1) |
0.65 (0.54~0.77) |
7.09 (5.73~8.6) |
| Tropical Latin America | 1.17 (1~1.37) |
0.78 (0.66~0.91) |
1.95 (1.67~2.28) |
2.66 (2.26~3.08) |
1.79 (1.51~2.1) |
2.22 (1.91~2.57) |
3.95 (3.35~4.64) |
2.64 (2.24~3.09) |
6.59 (5.61~7.68) |
3.5 (2.97~4.09) |
1.99 (1.69~2.32) |
2.71 (2.31~3.15) |
| Western Europe | 7.92 (6.58~9.54) |
8.03 (6.56~9.87) |
15.95 (13.21~19.24) |
3.33 (2.79~3.97) |
2.56 (2.11~3.14) |
2.96 (2.46~3.57) |
51.77 (43.75~61.18) |
64.74 (54.65~77.31) |
116.51 (98.95~138.35) |
14.25 (12.15~16.77) |
15.41 (13.15~18.28) |
14.9 (12.77~17.56) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.36 (0.3~0.43) |
0.14 (0.11~0.17) |
0.51 (0.43~0.6) |
0.7 (0.6~0.83) |
0.38 (0.32~0.46) |
0.57 (0.49~0.66) |
0.81 (0.68~0.97) |
0.35 (0.29~0.42) |
1.16 (0.99~1.37) |
0.71 (0.61~0.84) |
0.45 (0.38~0.53) |
0.58 (0.5~0.67) |
CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; ASIR, the age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, socio-demographic index.