Table 2.
The prevalence of CAVD in 1990/2019.
| 1990 | 2019 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalent cases No *103 (95% UI) | ASPR/100,000 (95% UI) | Prevalent cases No *103 (95% UI) | ASPR/100,000 (95% UI) | |||||||||
| Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | |
| Global | 894.5 (741.59~1067.5) | 838.49 (690.26~1016.94) | 1732.99 (1431.47~2074.81) | 51.19 (42.68~60.91) | 40.28 (32.99~48.82) | 45.54 (37.61~54.67) | 5027.26 (4276.88~5861.59) | 4376.82 (3771.24~5082.8) | 9404.08 (8079.6~10889.73) | 133.38 (113.79~154.58) | 99.86 (86.1~115.88) | 116.34 (100.39~134.5) |
| SDI level | ||||||||||||
| High SDI | 632.57 (523.39~760.43) | 692.36 (563.23~842.26) | 1324.93 (1090~1602.16) | 142.6 (117.67~171.17) | 113.91 (93.22~137.94) | 126.83 (104.61~152.72) | 2385.46 (2064.99~2748.14) | 2709.98 (2327.88~3211.14) | 5095.44 (4402.07~5933.38) | 288.07 (250.19~330.79) | 256.98 (221.02~300.21) | 273.52 (237.08~315.22) |
| High-middle SDI | 230.81 (188.4~277.51) | 134.13 (110.52~160.59) | 364.93 (300.69~436.29) | 48.72 (39.87~58.5) | 22.04 (18.22~26.36) | 33.9 (27.98~40.44) | 2185.22 (1810.72~2589.05) | 1384.6 (1166.85~1627.03) | 3569.82 (3002.41~4203.73) | 234.86 (194.65~277.14) | 121.54 (102.65~142.7) | 174.53 (147.33~204.54) |
| Middle SDI | 21.52 (16.92~26.64) | 8.98 (7~11.44) | 30.51 (24.09~37.76) | 4 (3.16~4.93) | 1.68 (1.31~2.13) | 2.82 (2.23~3.49) | 403.23 (326.37~489.15) | 255.32 (203.74~311.73) | 658.55 (529.93~800.78) | 32.62 (26.5~39.34) | 19.6 (15.69~23.94) | 25.93 (20.92~31.47) |
| Low-middle SDI | 7.05 (5.57~8.79) | 2.31 (1.77~2.97) | 9.36 (7.35~11.71) | 2.12 (1.69~2.6) | 0.76 (0.59~0.98) | 1.45 (1.15~1.79) | 43.85 (35.46~53.49) | 23.41 (18.56~29.17) | 67.26 (54.36~81.97) | 6.34 (5.14~7.64) | 3.3 (2.63~4.09) | 4.78 (3.86~5.82) |
| Low SDI | 2.34 (1.83~2.93) | 0.59 (0.43~0.78) | 2.93 (2.3~3.72) | 1.69 (1.35~2.11) | 0.52 (0.39~0.68) | 1.12 (0.88~1.38) | 7.43 (5.89~9.24) | 2.24 (1.69~2.9) | 9.68 (7.61~12.14) | 2.5 (1.99~3.1) | 0.86 (0.66~1.1) | 1.67 (1.34~2.07) |
| World Bank Income Level | ||||||||||||
| World Bank High Income | 720.96 (596.8~862.18) | 765.97 (623.9~931.67) | 1486.93 (1226.29~1790.77) | 132.11 (109.85~158.01) | 102.63 (84.23~123.72) | 116.01 (95.82~139.03) | 2913.58 (2525.2~3353.42) | 3314.67 (2856.43~3900.43) | 6228.25 (5389.24~7231.3) | 295.76 (256.26~338.43) | 261.86 (226.25~305.36) | 279.68 (242.58~322.69) |
| World Bank Upper Middle Income | 128.86 (103.46~157.41) | 63.17 (51.17~76.63) | 192.03 (155.18~232.96) | 17.74 (14.32~21.54) | 7.88 (6.4~9.57) | 12.5 (10.17~15.09) | 1889.48 (1556.27~2269.7) | 1011.97 (832.19~1208.2) | 2901.45 (2400.08~3460.03) | 117.06 (96.4~140.16) | 55.94 (46.06~66.6) | 84.88 (70.35~101.1) |
| World Bank Lower Middle Income | 43.31 (34.49~52.59) | 8.83 (6.88~11.19) | 52.14 (41.82~63.1) | 8.29 (6.68~10.07) | 1.84 (1.44~2.33) | 5.01 (4.02~6.04) | 218.05 (174.89~264.45) | 47.18 (37.93~57.83) | 265.23 (214.14~320.12) | 18.79 (15.21~22.79) | 4.02 (3.24~4.89) | 11.11 (9.01~13.35) |
| World Bank Low Income | 1.16 (0.91~1.45) | 0.4 (0.3~0.54) | 1.56 (1.22~1.97) | 1.4 (1.1~1.73) | 0.54 (0.41~0.71) | 0.96 (0.76~1.18) | 4.08 (3.22~5.04) | 1.7 (1.3~2.17) | 5.77 (4.54~7.17) | 2.34 (1.85~2.88) | 1.04 (0.81~1.33) | 1.67 (1.32~2.06) |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 0.56 (0.45~0.69) | 0.27 (0.21~0.35) | 0.83 (0.66~1.03) | 5.25 (4.22~6.41) | 2.37 (1.82~3.03) | 3.77 (3.02~4.63) | 26.25 (22.25~30.53) | 7.1 (5.81~8.45) | 33.35 (28.25~39.02) | 96.53 (81.91~112.71) | 24.29 (19.85~28.95) | 59.04 (50.07~69.05) |
| Australasia | 4.03 (3.23~5.03) | 5.85 (4.83~7.03) | 9.88 (8.18~11.83) | 38.54 (30.95~47.68) | 42.99 (35.39~51.62) | 41.77 (34.78~49.88) | 145.81 (124.04~176.73) | 175.01 (146.24~209.39) | 320.82 (272.23~381.06) | 641.53 (548.23~771.77) | 653.5 (546.89~785.16) | 649.5 (552~772.74) |
| Caribbean | 2.64 (2.18~3.2) | 0.72 (0.57~0.89) | 3.36 (2.75~4.01) | 20.63 (17.03~25.03) | 5.2 (4.14~6.44) | 12.61 (10.3~15.1) | 36.64 (30.14~44.78) | 8.83 (7.18~10.64) | 45.47 (37.69~54.85) | 149.46 (123.31~182.28) | 32.16 (26.19~38.74) | 87.51 (72.62~105.56) |
| Central Asia | 1.91 (1.46~2.38) | 1.86 (1.44~2.35) | 3.77 (2.96~4.71) | 9.8 (7.66~12.16) | 6.69 (5.22~8.43) | 7.92 (6.22~9.83) | 26.75 (21.47~32.02) | 14.31 (11.58~17.08) | 41.06 (33.49~48.81) | 77.22 (62.76~91.41) | 34.51 (28.22~40.92) | 53.22 (43.89~62.92) |
| Central Europe | 79.88 (66.06~95.09) | 74.78 (61.25~89.11) | 154.66 (128.34~184.57) | 123.97 (102.96~146.99) | 87.57 (71.89~104.38) | 104.18 (86.62~123.47) | 582.72 (493.97~689.09) | 677.83 (575.85~802.85) | 1260.56 (1067.65~1479.62) | 648.83 (551.63~763.85) | 566.62 (482.05~673.31) | 608.31 (517.94~713.51) |
| Central Latin America | 4.96 (3.98~6) | 2.04 (1.61~2.53) | 7 (5.59~8.53) | 11.78 (9.52~14.38) | 4.45 (3.51~5.52) | 7.98 (6.44~9.71) | 51.88 (43.38~61.48) | 25.08 (20.49~30.42) | 76.96 (63.86~91.38) | 45.83 (38.37~54.3) | 19.54 (15.96~23.74) | 31.82 (26.45~37.75) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.18 (0.14~0.22) | 0.07 (0.05~0.09) | 0.25 (0.19~0.32) | 1.42 (1.12~1.79) | 0.62 (0.46~0.82) | 1 (0.79~1.26) | 0.58 (0.45~0.75) | 0.21 (0.16~0.28) | 0.8 (0.62~1.01) | 2.03 (1.6~2.54) | 0.78 (0.6~0.99) | 1.36 (1.08~1.69) |
| East Asia | 9.79 (7.21~13.03) | 8.48 (6.28~11.34) | 18.27 (13.68~24.32) | 2.19 (1.63~2.88) | 1.94 (1.45~2.54) | 2.1 (1.57~2.74) | 466.89 (370.91~566.03) | 424.13 (335.82~519.55) | 891.02 (707.25~1093.31) | 45.83 (36.68~55.4) | 39 (30.97~47.63) | 42.41 (33.87~51.68) |
| Eastern Europe | 103.55 (81.71~128.12) | 18.11 (14.27~22.87) | 121.66 (97.12~148.88) | 101.46 (81.16~123.89) | 10.01 (7.96~12.57) | 43.32 (34.79~52.76) | 1114.74 (894.48~1351.95) | 213.94 (170.2~259.17) | 1328.69 (1065.7~1605.21) | 843.96 (678.61~1017.4) | 98.37 (78.91~118.49) | 395.8 (319.64~477) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 0.56 (0.44~0.71) | 0.2 (0.15~0.27) | 0.76 (0.59~0.96) | 1.29 (1.02~1.61) | 0.56 (0.43~0.73) | 0.93 (0.73~1.15) | 2.03 (1.55~2.57) | 0.57 (0.43~0.76) | 2.6 (2~3.27) | 2.15 (1.69~2.68) | 0.7 (0.53~0.91) | 1.4 (1.1~1.74) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 195.57 (159.86~238.65) | 273.98 (222.49~332.08) | 469.56 (383.48~566.44) | 216.47 (177.61~261.2) | 241.28 (196.5~291.56) | 233.42 (191.41~280.25) | 709.94 (604.2~831.52) | 1005.76 (841.19~1215.47) | 1715.7 (1450.88~2042.13) | 401.97 (341.36~468.6) | 402.2 (338.33~481.05) | 408.4 (348.93~479.89) |
| High-income North America | 352.7 (287.81~429.14) | 334.97 (268.61~413.09) | 687.66 (557.97~840.92) | 233.74 (190.72~283.24) | 158.45 (128.41~193.96) | 191.35 (155.87~232.93) | 807.35 (704.42~936.66) | 685.54 (595.4~793.05) | 1492.89 (1305.2~1727.5) | 295.58 (258.9~338.66) | 200.55 (175.67~230.07) | 244.39 (214.46~279.6) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 8.31 (6.49~10.17) | 1.38 (1.03~1.79) | 9.7 (7.64~11.9) | 8.19 (6.48~10.01) | 1.51 (1.15~1.96) | 4.92 (3.9~6.04) | 42.78 (33.73~52.9) | 11.52 (8.98~14.41) | 54.3 (43.23~66.78) | 16.12 (12.82~19.87) | 5.15 (4.08~6.4) | 10.83 (8.67~13.35) |
| Oceania | 0.09 (0.07~0.11) | 0.02 (0.02~0.03) | 0.11 (0.09~0.14) | 6.54 (5.25~8.28) | 1.99 (1.6~2.5) | 4.3 (3.49~5.36) | 0.68 (0.54~0.83) | 0.45 (0.36~0.56) | 1.13 (0.9~1.37) | 21.01 (17.04~25.69) | 16.03 (12.75~19.73) | 18.61 (14.95~22.75) |
| South Asia | 6.93 (5.36~8.8) | 1.4 (0.99~1.95) | 8.33 (6.4~10.64) | 2.07 (1.63~2.6) | 0.53 (0.39~0.71) | 1.34 (1.04~1.67) | 23.36 (18.46~29.12) | 6.83 (5.06~9.18) | 30.19 (23.68~37.63) | 3.1 (2.46~3.85) | 0.96 (0.72~1.28) | 2.03 (1.6~2.52) |
| Southeast Asia | 1.08 (0.8~1.41) | 0.71 (0.51~0.96) | 1.78 (1.34~2.36) | 0.86 (0.65~1.12) | 0.55 (0.4~0.72) | 0.7 (0.53~0.91) | 13.23 (10.27~16.94) | 10.75 (8.36~13.78) | 23.99 (18.74~30.27) | 4.73 (3.76~5.95) | 3.43 (2.7~4.37) | 4.06 (3.21~5.09) |
| Southern Latin America | 2.62 (2.1~3.23) | 2.87 (2.24~3.84) | 5.5 (4.39~6.94) | 12.4 (9.98~15.27) | 11.14 (8.73~14.92) | 11.87 (9.53~14.91) | 59.7 (50.59~71.86) | 42.19 (35.18~50.8) | 101.89 (87.12~120.8) | 163.8 (139.01~196.84) | 89.01 (74.38~106.77) | 122.72 (104.78~145.67) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.18 (1.69~2.73) | 0.18 (0.14~0.23) | 2.37 (1.84~2.94) | 17.15 (13.32~21.26) | 1.17 (0.91~1.5) | 8.15 (6.36~10.13) | 57.02 (43.85~72.95) | 0.39 (0.3~0.51) | 57.41 (44.28~73.39) | 221.92 (171.05~280.83) | 1.23 (0.95~1.58) | 94.86 (72.97~120.7) |
| Tropical Latin America | 5.29 (4.23~6.47) | 2.74 (2.18~3.4) | 8.03 (6.43~9.81) | 10.75 (8.57~13.09) | 5.13 (4.09~6.33) | 7.79 (6.23~9.54) | 39.09 (31.08~48.19) | 19.51 (15.59~24.04) | 58.6 (47.23~72.05) | 34.55 (27.66~42.42) | 14.62 (11.68~17.97) | 23.73 (19.16~29.01) |
| Western Europe | 110.62 (88.68~135.53) | 107.59 (86.28~133.7) | 218.21 (177.74~268.12) | 45.56 (36.74~55.61) | 30.99 (25~38.25) | 37.65 (30.75~45.97) | 816.75 (693.15~958.79) | 1046.03 (883.03~1250.05) | 1862.79 (1577.56~2209.09) | 204.08 (172.96~239.05) | 203.21 (170.91~241.76) | 204.84 (174.62~240.59) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.04 (0.79~1.33) | 0.26 (0.19~0.35) | 1.3 (1~1.63) | 1.82 (1.4~2.31) | 0.61 (0.45~0.83) | 1.27 (0.99~1.58) | 3.06 (2.35~3.91) | 0.81 (0.6~1.09) | 3.87 (3~4.88) | 2.53 (1.95~3.21) | 0.84 (0.63~1.12) | 1.65 (1.3~2.04) |
CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; ASPR, the age-standardized prevalence rate; SDI, socio-demographic index.