Table 3.

The death of CAVD in 1990/2019.

	1990						2019
	Death cases No*103 (95% UI)			ASDR/100,000 (95% UI)			Death cases No *103 (95% UI)			ASDR/100,000 (95% UI)
	Male	Female	Both	Male	Female	Both	Male	Female	Both	Male	Female	Both
Global	24.52 (22.44~27.03)	28.78 (24.82~34.07)	53.3 (47.76~59.73)	1.86 (1.69~2.04)	1.62 (1.39~1.91)	1.75 (1.55~1.96)	54.17 (47.77~58.67)	72.65 (57.76~84.3)	126.83 (105.6~141.39)	1.85 (1.58~2.01)	1.66 (1.32~1.92)	1.76 (1.45~1.97)
SDI level
High SDI	15.18 (14.09~16.49)	20.84 (17.97~24.02)	36.02 (32.13~39.86)	3.97 (3.65~4.31)	3.06 (2.63~3.54)	3.46 (3.06~3.84)	31.77 (27.2~34.65)	48.45 (37.05~56.49)	80.21 (64.3~90.1)	3.62 (3.11~3.96)	3.1 (2.45~3.59)	3.35 (2.75~3.74)
High-middle SDI	4.07 (3.66~4.44)	4.29 (3.58~5.08)	8.36 (7.42~9.21)	1.08 (0.95~1.2)	0.81 (0.67~0.95)	0.93 (0.81~1.04)	10.12 (9.02~11.1)	14.31 (11.66~16.41)	24.44 (20.86~27.26)	1.36 (1.18~1.49)	1.19 (0.97~1.37)	1.28 (1.08~1.43)
Middle SDI	2.44 (2.07~2.86)	1.83 (1.34~2.49)	4.27 (3.5~5.17)	0.54 (0.46~0.63)	0.4 (0.3~0.53)	0.47 (0.39~0.57)	5.73 (5.11~6.56)	4.75 (4.03~5.46)	10.48 (9.43~11.74)	0.55 (0.49~0.63)	0.41 (0.35~0.47)	0.48 (0.43~0.53)
Low-middle SDI	1.89 (1.32~2.68)	1.23 (0.65~2.25)	3.12 (2.1~4.2)	0.75 (0.53~1.04)	0.55 (0.3~0.93)	0.65 (0.44~0.85)	4.53 (3.69~5.76)	3.63 (2.61~4.99)	8.17 (6.63~9.99)	0.8 (0.64~1)	0.6 (0.43~0.8)	0.7 (0.57~0.84)
Low SDI	0.93 (0.56~1.4)	0.58 (0.27~1.19)	1.5 (0.88~2.2)	0.87 (0.57~1.27)	0.66 (0.33~1.25)	0.77 (0.47~1.09)	1.99 (1.48~2.64)	1.48 (0.99~2.27)	3.46 (2.56~4.39)	0.88 (0.65~1.14)	0.71 (0.48~1.02)	0.8 (0.61~0.99)
World Bank Income Level
World Bank High Income	17.17 (15.95~18.55)	23.15 (19.88~26.73)	40.33 (36.18~44.65)	3.63 (3.34~3.93)	2.82 (2.42~3.27)	3.19 (2.84~3.53)	37.59 (32.4~40.92)	57.87 (44.87~67.4)	95.46 (76.94~107.1)	3.58 (3.09~3.9)	3.08 (2.43~3.58)	3.33 (2.73~3.7)
World Bank Upper Middle Income	3.82 (3.39~4.3)	3.17 (2.63~3.84)	6.99 (6.13~7.92)	0.63 (0.56~0.7)	0.47 (0.39~0.55)	0.55 (0.48~0.62)	8.27 (7.44~9.26)	8.04 (6.95~9.14)	16.31 (14.61~18.15)	0.61 (0.54~0.68)	0.47 (0.41~0.54)	0.54 (0.48~0.6)
World Bank Lower Middle Income	2.93 (2.04~4.14)	2.05 (1.06~3.65)	4.98 (3.31~6.73)	0.67 (0.48~0.93)	0.49 (0.26~0.83)	0.58 (0.39~0.77)	7.1 (5.67~8.94)	5.83 (4.22~7.7)	12.92 (10.65~15.75)	0.72 (0.57~0.91)	0.57 (0.41~0.74)	0.65 (0.53~0.78)
World Bank Low Income	0.58 (0.37~0.87)	0.39 (0.22~0.77)	0.97 (0.62~1.41)	0.89 (0.6~1.29)	0.64 (0.38~1.16)	0.77 (0.51~1.09)	1.19 (0.88~1.6)	0.87 (0.61~1.32)	2.06 (1.57~2.71)	0.9 (0.66~1.19)	0.64 (0.46~0.91)	0.77 (0.6~0.97)
Region
Andean Latin America	0.07 (0.05~0.09)	0.05 (0.03~0.07)	0.12 (0.09~0.15)	0.68 (0.52~0.87)	0.49 (0.33~0.64)	0.58 (0.45~0.71)	0.17 (0.13~0.21)	0.12 (0.1~0.15)	0.29 (0.24~0.35)	0.64 (0.5~0.81)	0.41 (0.33~0.52)	0.53 (0.43~0.64)
Australasia	0.38 (0.34~0.41)	0.39 (0.33~0.46)	0.77 (0.69~0.85)	4.32 (3.89~4.68)	2.87 (2.41~3.35)	3.48 (3.07~3.85)	0.9 (0.77~1.02)	0.96 (0.74~1.14)	1.87 (1.51~2.11)	3.82 (3.24~4.3)	2.68 (2.1~3.17)	3.18 (2.62~3.58)
Caribbean	0.17 (0.14~0.19)	0.09 (0.07~0.11)	0.25 (0.22~0.28)	1.37 (1.2~1.54)	0.67 (0.54~0.8)	1 (0.87~1.12)	0.31 (0.26~0.37)	0.2 (0.16~0.27)	0.52 (0.42~0.63)	1.32 (1.08~1.58)	0.72 (0.57~0.95)	1 (0.82~1.22)
Central Asia	0.04 (0.03~0.04)	0.03 (0.02~0.03)	0.06 (0.05~0.07)	0.21 (0.17~0.25)	0.09 (0.07~0.11)	0.14 (0.11~0.16)	0.11 (0.09~0.15)	0.09 (0.08~0.13)	0.21 (0.17~0.26)	0.41 (0.35~0.52)	0.27 (0.22~0.37)	0.33 (0.27~0.43)
Central Europe	0.51 (0.43~0.64)	0.4 (0.29~0.52)	0.9 (0.75~1.11)	0.89 (0.76~1.15)	0.49 (0.35~0.64)	0.66 (0.54~0.81)	2.01 (1.56~2.36)	2.66 (2.05~3.28)	4.68 (3.77~5.58)	2.35 (1.81~2.76)	1.83 (1.41~2.26)	2.08 (1.68~2.49)
Central Latin America	0.41 (0.37~0.44)	0.25 (0.21~0.31)	0.66 (0.6~0.73)	1 (0.9~1.1)	0.62 (0.51~0.75)	0.81 (0.74~0.9)	1.09 (0.87~1.35)	0.87 (0.7~1.14)	1.96 (1.61~2.43)	1.02 (0.82~1.27)	0.7 (0.56~0.92)	0.85 (0.7~1.06)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	0.1 (0.06~0.18)	0.07 (0.04~0.14)	0.17 (0.1~0.26)	1.11 (0.74~1.86)	0.85 (0.48~1.56)	0.97 (0.63~1.42)	0.22 (0.15~0.35)	0.19 (0.13~0.29)	0.41 (0.29~0.58)	1.17 (0.85~1.72)	0.86 (0.58~1.29)	1.01 (0.74~1.36)
East Asia	0.95 (0.65~1.27)	0.62 (0.33~1.05)	1.57 (1.02~2.22)	0.23 (0.17~0.31)	0.15 (0.08~0.25)	0.19 (0.12~0.27)	1.95 (1.53~2.5)	1.28 (0.96~1.6)	3.23 (2.62~3.85)	0.24 (0.19~0.29)	0.13 (0.1~0.16)	0.17 (0.14~0.2)
Eastern Europe	0.28 (0.22~0.32)	0.28 (0.2~0.33)	0.56 (0.44~0.63)	0.33 (0.27~0.37)	0.16 (0.11~0.19)	0.21 (0.17~0.24)	0.75 (0.6~0.9)	0.89 (0.72~1.09)	1.64 (1.37~1.93)	0.61 (0.49~0.72)	0.38 (0.31~0.47)	0.48 (0.4~0.57)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	0.33 (0.21~0.48)	0.24 (0.14~0.47)	0.57 (0.38~0.85)	1.01 (0.69~1.38)	0.85 (0.53~1.48)	0.94 (0.66~1.34)	0.66 (0.5~0.91)	0.53 (0.38~0.75)	1.2 (0.95~1.53)	1 (0.71~1.42)	0.83 (0.58~1.15)	0.92 (0.72~1.21)
High-income Asia Pacific	1.79 (1.62~2.03)	2.49 (2.02~3.12)	4.28 (3.66~5.07)	2.73 (2.44~3.12)	2.41 (1.94~3.02)	2.57 (2.15~3.06)	4.01 (3.11~4.61)	9.56 (6.01~11.97)	13.57 (9.08~16.51)	1.8 (1.4~2.06)	2 (1.32~2.45)	1.98 (1.4~2.36)
High-income North America	5.88 (5.41~6.33)	7.28 (6.13~8.22)	13.16 (11.62~14.39)	4.31 (3.96~4.63)	3.01 (2.54~3.4)	3.56 (3.14~3.89)	11.57 (9.95~12.98)	15.62 (12.29~17.91)	27.19 (22.16~30.24)	4.1 (3.53~4.59)	3.3 (2.67~3.77)	3.64 (3.02~4.02)
North Africa and Middle East	0.9 (0.65~1.2)	0.83 (0.51~1.18)	1.73 (1.26~2.18)	1.09 (0.79~1.44)	1.14 (0.69~1.59)	1.13 (0.82~1.45)	2.01 (1.56~2.41)	1.81 (1.4~2.18)	3.82 (3.19~4.44)	0.96 (0.75~1.14)	0.97 (0.74~1.17)	0.97 (0.81~1.12)
Oceania	0.013 (0.008~0.02)	0.005 (0.003~0.009)	0.02 (0.01~0.03)	1.17 (0.76~1.77)	0.43 (0.24~0.75)	0.79 (0.52~1.12)	0.03 (0.02~0.04)	0.012 (0.007~0.02)	0.04 (0.03~0.06)	1.07 (0.76~1.54)	0.46 (0.3~0.74)	0.75 (0.54~1.04)
South Asia	1.87 (1.2~2.87)	1.19 (0.48~2.41)	3.06 (1.85~4.37)	0.81 (0.53~1.22)	0.68 (0.29~1.24)	0.75 (0.47~1.03)	4.73 (3.62~6.47)	4.02 (2.65~5.67)	8.75 (6.85~11.05)	0.82 (0.62~1.09)	0.7 (0.46~0.96)	0.76 (0.6~0.95)
Southeast Asia	0.37 (0.29~0.53)	0.29 (0.21~0.39)	0.66 (0.54~0.86)	0.35 (0.27~0.51)	0.25 (0.18~0.33)	0.3 (0.24~0.38)	0.93 (0.71~1.31)	0.78 (0.6~0.93)	1.7 (1.4~2.13)	0.39 (0.3~0.54)	0.28 (0.21~0.33)	0.33 (0.27~0.41)
Southern Latin America	0.59 (0.52~0.67)	0.8 (0.68~0.92)	1.39 (1.22~1.56)	3.27 (2.9~3.71)	3.39 (2.86~3.91)	3.43 (3.01~3.85)	1.15 (1.03~1.26)	1.69 (1.41~1.95)	2.84 (2.46~3.16)	3.37 (2.99~3.7)	3.13 (2.65~3.59)	3.3 (2.85~3.66)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	0.11 (0.09~0.13)	0.11 (0.09~0.14)	0.22 (0.19~0.25)	0.98 (0.82~1.18)	0.82 (0.68~0.98)	0.9 (0.78~1.04)	0.21 (0.18~0.24)	0.22 (0.18~0.25)	0.43 (0.37~0.48)	1.18 (0.95~1.34)	0.8 (0.66~0.92)	0.96 (0.82~1.07)
Tropical Latin America	0.89 (0.79~0.95)	0.65 (0.52~0.75)	1.53 (1.35~1.66)	2.09 (1.86~2.24)	1.53 (1.24~1.72)	1.81 (1.59~1.95)	1.76 (1.55~1.98)	1.82 (1.52~2.23)	3.58 (3.11~4.14)	1.75 (1.53~1.97)	1.38 (1.15~1.69)	1.56 (1.34~1.8)
Western Europe	8.56 (7.94~9.24)	12.54 (10.81~14.54)	21.1 (18.96~23.33)	3.99 (3.67~4.29)	3.21 (2.77~3.72)	3.59 (3.21~3.97)	18.95 (16.57~20.69)	28.94 (22.91~33.63)	47.89 (39.52~53.66)	4.34 (3.79~4.73)	3.75 (3.04~4.32)	4.05 (3.4~4.51)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	0.34 (0.17~0.54)	0.18 (0.08~0.39)	0.51 (0.27~0.81)	0.68 (0.35~1.09)	0.47 (0.23~0.99)	0.6 (0.33~0.95)	0.64 (0.44~0.92)	0.38 (0.24~0.65)	1.02 (0.71~1.42)	0.63 (0.44~0.9)	0.48 (0.31~0.76)	0.55 (0.39~0.76)

CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; ASDR, the age-standardized death rate; SDI, socio-demographic index.