Table 5.
The temporal trends of ASIR, ASPR, ASDR, and ASDALYR from 1990 to 2019 of CAVD.
| EAPC of ASIR No. (95% CI) | EAPC of ASPR No. (95% CI) | EAPC of ASDR No. (95% CI) | EAPC of ASDALYR No. (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | |
| Global | 3.04 (2.87~3.21) | 3.06 (2.75~3.38) | 3.03 (2.8~3.27) | 3.67 (3.46~3.88) | 3.62 (3.31~3.93) | 3.65 (3.4~3.91) | 0.05 (−0.06~0.16) | 0.09 (−0.03~0.21) | 0.06 (−0.04~0.15) | −0.5 (−0.61~−0.39) | −0.37 (−0.44~−0.3) | −0.45 (−0.52~−0.38) |
| SDI level | ||||||||||||
| High SDI | 2.71 (2.45~2.98) | 3.15 (2.81~3.49) | 2.93 (2.62~3.23) | 2.78 (2.54~3.01) | 3.26 (2.96~3.57) | 3.05 (2.78~3.32) | −0.34 (−0.53~−0.16) | 0 (−0.1~0.1) | −0.14 (−0.27~−0.02) | −1.09 (−1.32~−0.87) | −0.6 (−0.71~−0.48) | −0.84 (−1.01~−0.67) |
| High–middle SDI | 4.94 (4.83~5.04) | 5.31 (4.98~5.65) | 5.1 (4.92~5.27) | 5.8 (5.63~5.98) | 6.49 (6.12~6.87) | 6.11 (5.87~6.35) | 0.96 (0.75~1.17) | 1.38 (1.06~1.71) | 1.17 (0.89~1.45) | 0.29 (0.17~0.4) | 0.79 (0.59~0.99) | 0.51 (0.36~0.67) |
| Middle SDI | 3.56 (3.14~3.98) | 4.57 (4.11~5.03) | 3.92 (3.5~4.35) | 7.65 (7.36~7.95) | 9.3 (8.95~9.64) | 8.19 (7.9~8.49) | 0.06 (−0.01~0.13) | 0 (−0.08~0.08) | 0.01 (−0.06~0.08) | −0.12 (−0.19~−0.04) | −0.2 (−0.28~−0.11) | −0.17 (−0.24~−0.1) |
| Low–middle SDI | 0.75 (0.64~0.87) | 1.22 (1.04~1.4) | 0.83 (0.69~0.97) | 3.64 (3.46~3.82) | 4.94 (4.7~5.18) | 3.97 (3.76~4.17) | 0.16 (0.09~0.24) | 0.22 (0.13~0.31) | 0.16 (0.08~0.24) | 0.09 (0.04~0.15) | 0.13 (0.04~0.23) | 0.08 (0.01~0.14) |
| Low SDI | 0 (−0.04~0.04) | 0.49 (0.41~0.56) | 0.12 (0.07~0.17) | 1.47 (1.4~1.54) | 1.85 (1.78~1.92) | 1.51 (1.45~1.57) | 0.01 (−0.02~0.05) | 0.17 (0.09~0.25) | 0.07 (0.01~0.12) | −0.19 (−0.23~−0.15) | −0.03 (−0.13~0.07) | −0.15 (−0.21~−0.09) |
| World Bank Income Level | ||||||||||||
| World Bank High Income | 3.03 (2.73~3.32) | 3.56 (3.18~3.95) | 3.28 (2.94~3.63) | 3.13 (2.84~3.43) | 3.73 (3.37~4.08) | 3.45 (3.13~3.78) | −0.06 (−0.21~0.08) | 0.27 (0.17~0.36) | 0.12 (0.02~0.22) | −0.81 (−0.98~−0.64) | −0.31 (−0.4~−0.22) | −0.56 (−0.68~−0.44) |
| World Bank Upper Middle Income | 5.14 (4.76~5.51) | 5.03 (4.73~5.34) | 5.1 (4.76~5.44) | 6.93 (6.65~7.22) | 7.5 (7.2~7.79) | 7.13 (6.86~7.4) | 0.03 (−0.04~0.1) | 0.15 (0.1~0.2) | 0.07 (0.01~0.12) | −0.08 (−0.16~0) | 0.05 (−0.03~0.12) | −0.04 (−0.11~0.03) |
| World Bank Lower Middle Income | 1.24 (1.05~1.42) | 1.47 (1.24~1.7) | 1.28 (1.08~1.47) | 3.42 (2.97~3.86) | 2.87 (2.37~3.38) | 3.24 (2.8~3.69) | 0.15 (0.08~0.21) | 0.36 (0.25~0.46) | 0.23 (0.15~0.31) | 0.07 (0.02~0.12) | 0.18 (0.09~0.27) | 0.1 (0.03~0.16) |
| World Bank Low Income | 0.06 (0.04~0.08) | 0.42 (0.38~0.45) | 0.17 (0.14~0.21) | 1.81 (1.72~1.89) | 2.3 (2.13~2.48) | 1.95 (1.83~2.06) | −0.01 (−0.05~0.03) | −0.07 (−0.14~0) | −0.05 (−0.11~0) | −0.24 (−0.3~−0.19) | −0.35 (−0.46~−0.24) | −0.29 (−0.37~−0.21) |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 5.97 (5.43~6.52) | 3.72 (3.24~4.19) | 5.3 (4.78~5.82) | 9.3 (8.14~10.48) | 7.35 (6.26~8.45) | 8.76 (7.62~9.91) | −0.03 (−0.14~0.08) | −0.76 (−0.94~−0.58) | −0.34 (−0.46~−0.22) | −0.03 (−0.14~0.07) | −0.82 (−1~−0.65) | −0.35 (−0.47~−0.23) |
| Australasia | 7.65 (7.33~7.96) | 7.86 (7.69~8.04) | 7.72 (7.51~7.94) | 10.25 (9.63~10.88) | 10.22 (9.84~10.6) | 10.18 (9.7~10.67) | −0.59 (−0.84~−0.34) | −0.43 (−0.63~−0.23) | −0.49 (−0.71~−0.27) | −0.99 (−1.3~−0.68) | −0.45 (−0.72~−0.18) | −0.75 (−1.04~−0.45) |
| Caribbean | 3.87 (3.74~3.99) | 3.27 (3.1~3.43) | 3.75 (3.63~3.87) | 7.36 (7.01~7.71) | 6.94 (6.43~7.45) | 7.25 (6.88~7.61) | −0.08 (−0.29~0.13) | 0.53 (0.33~0.72) | 0.12 (−0.09~0.32) | −0.2 (−0.43~0.04) | 0.42 (0.26~0.58) | −0.01 (−0.22~0.19) |
| Central Asia | 5.5 (5.12~5.88) | 4.43 (3.58~5.28) | 5.26 (4.72~5.8) | 7.59 (7.17~8.02) | 5.57 (4.58~6.57) | 6.92 (6.29~7.55) | 2.81 (2.54~3.08) | 4.54 (3.99~5.09) | 3.72 (3.32~4.12) | 2.64 (2.4~2.88) | 3.57 (3.19~3.95) | 3.08 (2.79~3.36) |
| Central Europe | 6.03 (5.8~6.26) | 6.87 (6.64~7.09) | 6.43 (6.21~6.66) | 6.47 (6.26~6.69) | 7.35 (7.14~7.56) | 6.92 (6.71~7.12) | 4.06 (3.7~4.43) | 5.6 (5.13~6.08) | 4.85 (4.43~5.27) | 3.41 (3.07~3.74) | 4.81 (4.44~5.17) | 4.02 (3.68~4.36) |
| Central Latin America | 3.49 (3.16~3.81) | 3.6 (3.19~4.02) | 3.5 (3.16~3.83) | 5.89 (5.39~6.4) | 6.97 (6.11~7.83) | 6.17 (5.57~6.78) | 0.01 (−0.25~0.28) | 0.53 (0.27~0.78) | 0.2 (−0.06~0.46) | −0.22 (−0.49~0.05) | 0.34 (0.07~0.6) | −0.04 (−0.31~0.23) |
| Central Sub–Saharan Africa | 0.01 (−0.07~0.09) | 0.26 (0.18~0.35) | 0.12 (0.02~0.21) | 1.17 (0.94~1.4) | 0.79 (0.64~0.93) | 1.06 (0.85~1.27) | 0.2 (0.14~0.25) | −0.02 (−0.13~0.09) | 0.08 (0~0.17) | −0.05 (−0.12~0.02) | −0.25 (−0.36~−0.14) | −0.13 (−0.22~−0.04) |
| East Asia | 7.14 (6.4~7.89) | 7.96 (7.2~8.72) | 7.5 (6.75~8.26) | 11.67 (11.02~12.32) | 11.46 (10.83~12.08) | 11.5 (10.86~12.13) | −0.01 (−0.29~0.26) | −0.96 (−1.36~−0.55) | −0.54 (−0.86~−0.21) | −0.17 (−0.28~−0.06) | −0.87 (−1.1~−0.64) | −0.48 (−0.63~−0.34) |
| Eastern Europe | 7.55 (7.14~7.95) | 8.26 (7.68~8.83) | 7.75 (7.33~8.16) | 8.04 (7.62~8.46) | 9.05 (8.44~9.68) | 8.39 (7.97~8.81) | 2.66 (2.34~2.99) | 3.84 (3.44~4.24) | 3.46 (3.16~3.77) | 3.77 (3.46~4.08) | 3.59 (3.26~3.93) | 3.79 (3.5~4.08) |
| Eastern Sub–Saharan Africa | 0.03 (−0.07~0.13) | −0.03 (−0.09~0.04) | −0.02 (−0.1~0.07) | 1.72 (1.46~1.98) | 0.73 (0.65~0.81) | 1.39 (1.19~1.6) | −0.09 (−0.14~−0.03) | −0.15 (−0.31~0.02) | −0.13 (−0.24~−0.02) | −0.45 (−0.52~−0.38) | −0.52 (−0.71~−0.33) | −0.5 (−0.61~−0.38) |
| High–income Asia Pacific | 1.65 (1.45~1.86) | 1.51 (1.4~1.62) | 1.55 (1.43~1.68) | 2.11 (1.99~2.23) | 1.39 (1.26~1.53) | 1.71 (1.61~1.81) | −1.21 (−1.65~−0.78) | −0.19 (−0.62~0.25) | −0.49 (−0.92~−0.06) | −1.83 (−2.26~−1.39) | −1 (−1.41~−0.58) | −1.32 (−1.74~−0.9) |
| High–income North America | 1.34 (0.82~1.85) | 1.58 (1.01~2.15) | 1.43 (0.89~1.98) | 0.84 (0.3~1.39) | 1.15 (0.57~1.74) | 1.01 (0.45~1.57) | −0.51 (−0.78~−0.24) | −0.08 (−0.28~0.12) | −0.28 (−0.49~−0.07) | −1.43 (−1.78~−1.09) | −0.83 (−1.05~−0.61) | −1.15 (−1.42~−0.88) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 0.04 (−0.27~0.35) | 1.28 (1.09~1.47) | 0.42 (0.16~0.68) | 1.7 (1.29~2.11) | 4.19 (3.93~4.45) | 2.19 (1.84~2.55) | −0.56 (−0.64~−0.48) | −0.69 (−0.77~−0.61) | −0.65 (−0.7~−0.61) | −0.66 (−0.73~−0.6) | −0.75 (−0.82~−0.68) | −0.71 (−0.77~−0.65) |
| Oceania | 0.52 (−0.13~1.17) | 1.84 (1.51~2.17) | 0.9 (0.34~1.45) | 2.67 (1.29~4.06) | 5.48 (4.85~6.13) | 3.44 (2.28~4.62) | −0.46 (−0.53~−0.39) | 0.14 (0.05~0.24) | −0.28 (−0.36~−0.2) | −0.28 (−0.35~−0.22) | 0.23 (0.15~0.31) | −0.13 (−0.19~−0.06) |
| South Asia | 0.29 (0.26~0.32) | 0.86 (0.75~0.97) | 0.31 (0.26~0.36) | 1.48 (1.43~1.53) | 2.23 (2.11~2.34) | 1.52 (1.49~1.55) | −0.09 (−0.17~−0.01) | −0.11 (−0.24~0.02) | −0.11 (−0.2~−0.01) | −0.1 (−0.16~−0.04) | −0.07 (−0.18~0.03) | −0.12 (−0.19~−0.05) |
| Southeast Asia | 1.39 (1.15~1.63) | 1.99 (1.69~2.28) | 1.66 (1.39~1.93) | 5.82 (5.41~6.22) | 6.45 (6.04~6.86) | 6.09 (5.69~6.5) | 0.31 (0.22~0.4) | 0.2 (0.06~0.34) | 0.25 (0.13~0.36) | 0.15 (0.08~0.21) | −0.06 (−0.16~0.04) | 0.06 (−0.02~0.14) |
| Southern Latin America | 4.77 (4.4~5.14) | 3.24 (2.84~3.64) | 3.96 (3.58~4.35) | 8.16 (7.46~8.87) | 6.67 (6.08~7.26) | 7.44 (6.81~8.08) | 0.27 (0.13~0.41) | −0.34 (−0.43~−0.24) | −0.11 (−0.21~−0.01) | −0.13 (−0.28~0.02) | −0.49 (−0.59~−0.39) | −0.33 (−0.45~−0.22) |
| Southern Sub–Saharan Africa | 6.01 (4.87~7.16) | −0.5 (−0.56~−0.44) | 5.08 (4.01~6.15) | 9.62 (8.13~11.14) | −0.13 (−0.27~0) | 9.15 (7.62~10.7) | 0.56 (0.36~0.76) | −0.22 (−0.38~−0.07) | 0.06 (−0.11~0.23) | 0.09 (−0.1~0.28) | −0.88 (−1.04~−0.72) | −0.41 (−0.58~−0.24) |
| Tropical Latin America | 0.71 (0.52~0.9) | 0.23 (0.12~0.34) | 0.48 (0.32~0.64) | 3.39 (3.11~3.68) | 3.28 (3.13~3.43) | 3.31 (3.08~3.54) | −0.42 (−0.61~−0.22) | −0.21 (−0.33~−0.1) | −0.36 (−0.51~−0.2) | −1.23 (−1.44~−1.01) | −0.73 (−0.89~−0.57) | −1.05 (−1.25~−0.86) |
| Western Europe | 5.65 (4.96~6.34) | 7.12 (6.12~8.12) | 6.35 (5.5~7.2) | 5.76 (5.03~6.5) | 7.4 (6.4~8.41) | 6.6 (5.72~7.49) | 0.41 (0.31~0.5) | 0.55 (0.47~0.64) | 0.47 (0.4~0.54) | −0.51 (−0.61~−0.4) | −0.08 (−0.15~−0.01) | −0.31 (−0.38~−0.24) |
| Western Sub–Saharan Africa | −0.06 (−0.11~−0.01) | 0.55 (0.51~0.59) | −0.03 (−0.07~0.01) | 0.98 (0.83~1.13) | 1 (0.96~1.03) | 0.72 (0.58~0.85) | −0.48 (−0.57~−0.39) | 0.04 (−0.01~0.08) | −0.44 (−0.51~−0.37) | −0.57 (−0.67~−0.47) | −0.23 (−0.31~−0.15) | −0.68 (−0.78~−0.59) |
ASIR, the age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, the age-standardized prevalence rate; ASDR, the age-standardized death rate; ASDALYR, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate; CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; SDI, socio-demographic index.