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. 2022 Nov 23;9:1003233. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003233

Table 7.

Attributable risks of ASDALYR in CAVD.

Lead exposure Diet high in sodium High systolic blood pressure
Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female Both
Global −1.13 (−1.20~−1.05) −0.73 (−0.85~−0.60) −1.02 (−1.11~−0.93) −0.53 (−0.66~−0.40) −0.79 (−0.90~−0.67) −0.62 (−0.74~−0.51) −0.92 (−1.06~−0.78) −1.05 (−1.16~−0.95) −0.99 (−1.09~−0.89)
SDI level
High SDI −2.45 (−2.61~−2.28) −1.83 (−1.97~−1.69) −2.23 (−2.37~−2.09) −1.15 (−1.41~−0.90) −1.37 (−1.60~−1.15) −1.18 (−1.42~−0.93) −2.01 (−2.31~−1.70) −1.69 (−1.90~−1.48) −1.84 (−2.09~−1.59)
High–middle SDI −0.56 (−0.81~−0.31) 0.06 (−0.27~0.40) −0.41 (−0.68~−0.13) 0.14 (0.08~0.20) 0.40 (0.32~0.48) 0.24 (0.19~0.30) 0.11 (−0.04~0.25) 0.32 (0.09~0.55) 0.21 (0.02~0.40)
Middle SDI −1.07 (−1.15~−1.00) −0.87 (−0.95~−0.80) −1.07 (−1.14~−0.99) −0.48 (−0.59~−0.38) −0.96 (−1.12~−0.81) −0.66 (−0.77~−0.56) 0.36 (0.29~0.43) 0.09 (0.04~0.14) 0.23 (0.17~0.28)
Low–middle SDI −0.46 (−0.55~−0.37) 0.04 (−0.05~0.13) −0.36 (−0.45~−0.28) 0.31 (0.25~0.36) −0.04 (−0.15~0.07) 0.14 (0.07~0.20) 0.57 (0.53~0.61) 0.31 (0.23~0.38) 0.44 (0.39~0.48)
Low SDI −0.37 (−0.46~−0.28) 0.48 (0.45~0.52) −0.16 (−0.22~−0.09) −0.68 (−0.77~−0.58) −0.48 (−0.65~−0.31) −0.63 (−0.75~−0.51) 0.44 (0.41~0.47) 0.17 (0.14~0.21) 0.32 (0.29~0.34)
World Bank Income Level
World Bank High Income −1.99 (−2.10~−1.87) −1.38 (−1.55~−1.21) −1.78 (−1.90~−1.66) −0.85 (−1.05~−0.64) −0.98 (−1.16~−0.80) −0.84 (−1.04~−0.65) −1.66 (−1.88~−1.43) −1.40 (−1.57~−1.22) −1.52 (−1.70~−1.33)
World Bank Upper Middle Income −1.18 (−1.25~−1.10) −0.83 (−0.89~−0.77) −1.12 (−1.19~−1.05) −0.22 (−0.32~−0.12) −0.45 (−0.58~−0.33) −0.30 (−0.40~−0.21) 0.35 (0.28~0.42) 0.35 (0.31~0.39) 0.34 (0.28~0.39)
World Bank Lower Middle Income −0.41 (−0.54~−0.29) 0.19 (0.08~0.30) −0.25 (−0.37~−0.14) 0.24 (0.20~0.29) −0.05 (−0.12~0.03) 0.11 (0.07~0.16) 0.60 (0.56~0.65) 0.40 (0.35~0.45) 0.50 (0.46~0.54)
World Bank Low Income −0.61 (−0.69~−0.53) −0.09 (−0.14~−0.05) −0.52 (−0.59~−0.46) −1.40 (−1.49~−1.31) −1.00 (−1.20~−0.80) −1.27 (−1.40~−1.14) 0.33 (0.31~0.35) −0.11 (−0.16~−0.07) 0.16 (0.13~0.18)
Region
Andean Latin America −0.71 (−0.81~−0.62) −1.42 (−1.62~−1.22) −0.94 (−1.06~−0.82) −0.04 (−0.15~0.08) −1.19 (−1.40~−0.98) −0.39 (−0.52~−0.26) 1.15 (0.90~1.40) 0.52 (0.30~0.74) 0.91 (0.68~1.14)
Australasia −1.70 (−1.93~−1.48) −1.01 (−1.20~−0.82) −1.47 (−1.68~−1.25) −1.43 (−1.72~−1.13) −0.64 (−0.89~−0.39) −1.18 (−1.46~−0.89) −1.97 (−2.36~−1.58) −1.43 (−1.79~−1.07) −1.75 (−2.13~−1.38)
Caribbean −0.78 (−0.88~−0.68) 0.11 (0.01~0.20) −0.63 (−0.72~−0.54) −0.16 (−0.39~0.07) 0.12 (−0.02~0.27) −0.13 (−0.33~0.08) 0.06 (−0.16~0.28) 0.46 (0.31~0.61) 0.17 (−0.03~0.36)
Central Asia 2.25 (1.97~2.52) 3.71 (3.36~4.06) 2.69 (2.41~2.98) 1.07 (0.80~1.35) 1.69 (1.17~2.22) 1.31 (0.98~1.65) 2.66 (2.37~2.94) 3.45 (3.03~3.88) 3.01 (2.68~3.34)
Central Europe 3.00 (2.45~3.54) 4.59 (4.13~5.06) 3.34 (2.83~3.85) 2.08 (1.93~2.23) 2.87 (2.68~3.06) 2.30 (2.15~2.45) 2.82 (2.50~3.13) 3.73 (3.41~4.05) 3.20 (2.89~3.52)
Central Latin America −1.37 (−1.52~−1.22) −0.45 (−0.57~−0.33) −1.19 (−1.33~−1.05) −0.19 (−0.52~0.13) 0.29 (−0.03~0.61) −0.16 (−0.48~0.17) 0.11 (−0.14~0.37) 0.54 (0.26~0.81) 0.23 (−0.03~0.49)
Central Sub–Saharan Africa 0.04 (−0.04~0.11) 0.27 (0.23~0.31) 0.07 (0.02~0.11) 0.07 (0.01~0.13) −0.13 (−0.22~−0.04) −0.02 (−0.10~0.06) −0.18 (−0.22~−0.14) −0.52 (−0.57~−0.47) −0.29 (−0.33~−0.25)
East Asia −1.54 (−1.69~−1.38) −1.90 (−2.07~−1.72) −1.72 (−1.86~−1.58) −0.47 (−0.54~−0.40) −1.31 (−1.50~−1.13) −0.76 (−0.85~−0.67) 0.69 (0.57~0.81) −0.23 (−0.45~−0.02) 0.31 (0.17~0.45)
Eastern Europe 3.65 (3.21~4.09) 3.66 (3.35~3.97) 3.70 (3.25~4.14) 3.98 (3.58~4.39) 3.38 (3.03~3.73) 3.93 (3.55~4.32) 3.96 (3.60~4.32) 3.35 (3.00~3.70) 3.83 (3.51~4.14)
Eastern Sub–Saharan Africa −1.37 (−1.46~−1.28) −0.68 (−0.80~−0.57) −1.30 (−1.37~−1.23) −2.11 (−2.24~−1.98) −1.08 (−1.31~−0.85) −1.66 (−1.84~−1.48) 0.61 (0.56~0.66) 0.11 (−0.04~0.27) 0.39 (0.31~0.48)
High–income Asia Pacific −2.85 (−3.22~−2.47) −1.82 (−2.17~−1.46) −2.37 (−2.74~−2.00) −4.23 (−4.76~−3.70) −3.68 (−4.16~−3.20) −3.94 (−4.44~−3.43) −2.88 (−3.33~−2.43) −2.55 (−2.95~−2.16) −2.66 (−3.08~−2.25)
High–income North America −3.02 (−3.32~−2.72) −2.33 (−2.54~−2.12) −2.81 (−3.06~−2.55) 0.17 (0.02~0.32) −1.23 (−1.51~−0.95) −0.29 (−0.49~−0.09) −2.56 (−3.05~−2.08) −2.06 (−2.44~−1.69) −2.32 (−2.71~−1.94)
North Africa and Middle East −1.35 (−1.51~−1.19) −1.50 (−1.66~−1.34) −1.40 (−1.56~−1.25) −0.42 (−0.47~−0.37) −0.73 (−0.82~−0.64) −0.50 (−0.56~−0.45) −0.34 (−0.40~−0.29) −0.62 (−0.74~−0.50) −0.48 (−0.56~−0.40)
Oceania −0.69 (−0.81~−0.57) −0.13 (−0.21~−0.05) −0.60 (−0.70~−0.50) −0.58 (−0.70~−0.46) −0.21 (−0.33~−0.10) −0.46 (−0.57~−0.35) 0.21 (0.09~0.33) 0.75 (0.62~0.87) 0.39 (0.27~0.50)
South Asia −0.51 (−0.65~−0.37) −0.06 (−0.19~0.07) −0.42 (−0.54~−0.29) 0.67 (0.57~0.76) 0.14 (0.04~0.23) 0.43 (0.35~0.51) 0.33 (0.25~0.42) 0.04 (−0.03~0.12) 0.19 (0.13~0.26)
Southeast Asia −0.54 (−0.68~−0.39) −0.95 (−1.11~−0.79) −0.70 (−0.84~−0.55) −1.09 (−1.20~−0.98) −1.39 (−1.53~−1.24) −1.21 (−1.33~−1.09) 0.50 (0.46~0.53) −0.07 (−0.11~−0.04) 0.26 (0.24~0.29)
Southern Latin America −0.21 (−0.35~−0.08) −0.14 (−0.27~0.00) −0.26 (−0.39~−0.13) −0.19 (−0.39~0.01) −0.70 (−0.80~−0.60) −0.43 (−0.57~−0.28) 0.73 (0.64~0.83) 0.57 (0.38~0.76) 0.62 (0.52~0.72)
Southern Sub–Saharan Africa −0.54 (−0.77~−0.30) −0.02 (−0.19~0.14) −0.62 (−0.82~−0.41) −1.50 (−1.71~−1.30) −1.74 (−1.91~−1.57) −1.65 (−1.83~−1.46) −0.13 (−0.33~0.06) −0.82 (−0.99~−0.65) −0.49 (−0.67~−0.32)
Tropical Latin America −2.32 (−2.44~−2.21) −1.47 (−1.53~−1.41) −2.12 (−2.21~−2.02) −1.38 (−1.56~−1.20) −1.21 (−1.34~−1.08) −1.39 (−1.55~−1.22) −1.15 (−1.32~−0.98) −0.80 (−0.89~−0.71) −1.04 (−1.18~−0.90)
Western Europe −1.52 (−1.68~−1.36) −0.81 (−1.06~−0.55) −1.27 (−1.46~−1.08) −0.75 (−0.95~−0.55) −0.45 (−0.55~−0.34) −0.63 (−0.79~−0.46) −1.36 (−1.52~−1.20) −1.05 (−1.18~−0.91) −1.21 (−1.35~−1.07)
Western Sub–Saharan Africa −0.75 (−0.91~−0.58) −0.28 (−0.36~−0.20) −0.91 (−1.08~−0.74) −0.18 (−0.26~−0.10) 0.17 (0.10~0.25) −0.34 (−0.40~−0.27) 0.70 (0.60~0.80) 0.67 (0.61~0.72) 0.45 (0.36~0.55)

ASDALYR, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate; CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; SDI, socio-demographic index.