Table 7.
Attributable risks of ASDALYR in CAVD.
| Lead exposure | Diet high in sodium | High systolic blood pressure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | Male | Female | Both | |
| Global | −1.13 (−1.20~−1.05) | −0.73 (−0.85~−0.60) | −1.02 (−1.11~−0.93) | −0.53 (−0.66~−0.40) | −0.79 (−0.90~−0.67) | −0.62 (−0.74~−0.51) | −0.92 (−1.06~−0.78) | −1.05 (−1.16~−0.95) | −0.99 (−1.09~−0.89) |
| SDI level | |||||||||
| High SDI | −2.45 (−2.61~−2.28) | −1.83 (−1.97~−1.69) | −2.23 (−2.37~−2.09) | −1.15 (−1.41~−0.90) | −1.37 (−1.60~−1.15) | −1.18 (−1.42~−0.93) | −2.01 (−2.31~−1.70) | −1.69 (−1.90~−1.48) | −1.84 (−2.09~−1.59) |
| High–middle SDI | −0.56 (−0.81~−0.31) | 0.06 (−0.27~0.40) | −0.41 (−0.68~−0.13) | 0.14 (0.08~0.20) | 0.40 (0.32~0.48) | 0.24 (0.19~0.30) | 0.11 (−0.04~0.25) | 0.32 (0.09~0.55) | 0.21 (0.02~0.40) |
| Middle SDI | −1.07 (−1.15~−1.00) | −0.87 (−0.95~−0.80) | −1.07 (−1.14~−0.99) | −0.48 (−0.59~−0.38) | −0.96 (−1.12~−0.81) | −0.66 (−0.77~−0.56) | 0.36 (0.29~0.43) | 0.09 (0.04~0.14) | 0.23 (0.17~0.28) |
| Low–middle SDI | −0.46 (−0.55~−0.37) | 0.04 (−0.05~0.13) | −0.36 (−0.45~−0.28) | 0.31 (0.25~0.36) | −0.04 (−0.15~0.07) | 0.14 (0.07~0.20) | 0.57 (0.53~0.61) | 0.31 (0.23~0.38) | 0.44 (0.39~0.48) |
| Low SDI | −0.37 (−0.46~−0.28) | 0.48 (0.45~0.52) | −0.16 (−0.22~−0.09) | −0.68 (−0.77~−0.58) | −0.48 (−0.65~−0.31) | −0.63 (−0.75~−0.51) | 0.44 (0.41~0.47) | 0.17 (0.14~0.21) | 0.32 (0.29~0.34) |
| World Bank Income Level | |||||||||
| World Bank High Income | −1.99 (−2.10~−1.87) | −1.38 (−1.55~−1.21) | −1.78 (−1.90~−1.66) | −0.85 (−1.05~−0.64) | −0.98 (−1.16~−0.80) | −0.84 (−1.04~−0.65) | −1.66 (−1.88~−1.43) | −1.40 (−1.57~−1.22) | −1.52 (−1.70~−1.33) |
| World Bank Upper Middle Income | −1.18 (−1.25~−1.10) | −0.83 (−0.89~−0.77) | −1.12 (−1.19~−1.05) | −0.22 (−0.32~−0.12) | −0.45 (−0.58~−0.33) | −0.30 (−0.40~−0.21) | 0.35 (0.28~0.42) | 0.35 (0.31~0.39) | 0.34 (0.28~0.39) |
| World Bank Lower Middle Income | −0.41 (−0.54~−0.29) | 0.19 (0.08~0.30) | −0.25 (−0.37~−0.14) | 0.24 (0.20~0.29) | −0.05 (−0.12~0.03) | 0.11 (0.07~0.16) | 0.60 (0.56~0.65) | 0.40 (0.35~0.45) | 0.50 (0.46~0.54) |
| World Bank Low Income | −0.61 (−0.69~−0.53) | −0.09 (−0.14~−0.05) | −0.52 (−0.59~−0.46) | −1.40 (−1.49~−1.31) | −1.00 (−1.20~−0.80) | −1.27 (−1.40~−1.14) | 0.33 (0.31~0.35) | −0.11 (−0.16~−0.07) | 0.16 (0.13~0.18) |
| Region | |||||||||
| Andean Latin America | −0.71 (−0.81~−0.62) | −1.42 (−1.62~−1.22) | −0.94 (−1.06~−0.82) | −0.04 (−0.15~0.08) | −1.19 (−1.40~−0.98) | −0.39 (−0.52~−0.26) | 1.15 (0.90~1.40) | 0.52 (0.30~0.74) | 0.91 (0.68~1.14) |
| Australasia | −1.70 (−1.93~−1.48) | −1.01 (−1.20~−0.82) | −1.47 (−1.68~−1.25) | −1.43 (−1.72~−1.13) | −0.64 (−0.89~−0.39) | −1.18 (−1.46~−0.89) | −1.97 (−2.36~−1.58) | −1.43 (−1.79~−1.07) | −1.75 (−2.13~−1.38) |
| Caribbean | −0.78 (−0.88~−0.68) | 0.11 (0.01~0.20) | −0.63 (−0.72~−0.54) | −0.16 (−0.39~0.07) | 0.12 (−0.02~0.27) | −0.13 (−0.33~0.08) | 0.06 (−0.16~0.28) | 0.46 (0.31~0.61) | 0.17 (−0.03~0.36) |
| Central Asia | 2.25 (1.97~2.52) | 3.71 (3.36~4.06) | 2.69 (2.41~2.98) | 1.07 (0.80~1.35) | 1.69 (1.17~2.22) | 1.31 (0.98~1.65) | 2.66 (2.37~2.94) | 3.45 (3.03~3.88) | 3.01 (2.68~3.34) |
| Central Europe | 3.00 (2.45~3.54) | 4.59 (4.13~5.06) | 3.34 (2.83~3.85) | 2.08 (1.93~2.23) | 2.87 (2.68~3.06) | 2.30 (2.15~2.45) | 2.82 (2.50~3.13) | 3.73 (3.41~4.05) | 3.20 (2.89~3.52) |
| Central Latin America | −1.37 (−1.52~−1.22) | −0.45 (−0.57~−0.33) | −1.19 (−1.33~−1.05) | −0.19 (−0.52~0.13) | 0.29 (−0.03~0.61) | −0.16 (−0.48~0.17) | 0.11 (−0.14~0.37) | 0.54 (0.26~0.81) | 0.23 (−0.03~0.49) |
| Central Sub–Saharan Africa | 0.04 (−0.04~0.11) | 0.27 (0.23~0.31) | 0.07 (0.02~0.11) | 0.07 (0.01~0.13) | −0.13 (−0.22~−0.04) | −0.02 (−0.10~0.06) | −0.18 (−0.22~−0.14) | −0.52 (−0.57~−0.47) | −0.29 (−0.33~−0.25) |
| East Asia | −1.54 (−1.69~−1.38) | −1.90 (−2.07~−1.72) | −1.72 (−1.86~−1.58) | −0.47 (−0.54~−0.40) | −1.31 (−1.50~−1.13) | −0.76 (−0.85~−0.67) | 0.69 (0.57~0.81) | −0.23 (−0.45~−0.02) | 0.31 (0.17~0.45) |
| Eastern Europe | 3.65 (3.21~4.09) | 3.66 (3.35~3.97) | 3.70 (3.25~4.14) | 3.98 (3.58~4.39) | 3.38 (3.03~3.73) | 3.93 (3.55~4.32) | 3.96 (3.60~4.32) | 3.35 (3.00~3.70) | 3.83 (3.51~4.14) |
| Eastern Sub–Saharan Africa | −1.37 (−1.46~−1.28) | −0.68 (−0.80~−0.57) | −1.30 (−1.37~−1.23) | −2.11 (−2.24~−1.98) | −1.08 (−1.31~−0.85) | −1.66 (−1.84~−1.48) | 0.61 (0.56~0.66) | 0.11 (−0.04~0.27) | 0.39 (0.31~0.48) |
| High–income Asia Pacific | −2.85 (−3.22~−2.47) | −1.82 (−2.17~−1.46) | −2.37 (−2.74~−2.00) | −4.23 (−4.76~−3.70) | −3.68 (−4.16~−3.20) | −3.94 (−4.44~−3.43) | −2.88 (−3.33~−2.43) | −2.55 (−2.95~−2.16) | −2.66 (−3.08~−2.25) |
| High–income North America | −3.02 (−3.32~−2.72) | −2.33 (−2.54~−2.12) | −2.81 (−3.06~−2.55) | 0.17 (0.02~0.32) | −1.23 (−1.51~−0.95) | −0.29 (−0.49~−0.09) | −2.56 (−3.05~−2.08) | −2.06 (−2.44~−1.69) | −2.32 (−2.71~−1.94) |
| North Africa and Middle East | −1.35 (−1.51~−1.19) | −1.50 (−1.66~−1.34) | −1.40 (−1.56~−1.25) | −0.42 (−0.47~−0.37) | −0.73 (−0.82~−0.64) | −0.50 (−0.56~−0.45) | −0.34 (−0.40~−0.29) | −0.62 (−0.74~−0.50) | −0.48 (−0.56~−0.40) |
| Oceania | −0.69 (−0.81~−0.57) | −0.13 (−0.21~−0.05) | −0.60 (−0.70~−0.50) | −0.58 (−0.70~−0.46) | −0.21 (−0.33~−0.10) | −0.46 (−0.57~−0.35) | 0.21 (0.09~0.33) | 0.75 (0.62~0.87) | 0.39 (0.27~0.50) |
| South Asia | −0.51 (−0.65~−0.37) | −0.06 (−0.19~0.07) | −0.42 (−0.54~−0.29) | 0.67 (0.57~0.76) | 0.14 (0.04~0.23) | 0.43 (0.35~0.51) | 0.33 (0.25~0.42) | 0.04 (−0.03~0.12) | 0.19 (0.13~0.26) |
| Southeast Asia | −0.54 (−0.68~−0.39) | −0.95 (−1.11~−0.79) | −0.70 (−0.84~−0.55) | −1.09 (−1.20~−0.98) | −1.39 (−1.53~−1.24) | −1.21 (−1.33~−1.09) | 0.50 (0.46~0.53) | −0.07 (−0.11~−0.04) | 0.26 (0.24~0.29) |
| Southern Latin America | −0.21 (−0.35~−0.08) | −0.14 (−0.27~0.00) | −0.26 (−0.39~−0.13) | −0.19 (−0.39~0.01) | −0.70 (−0.80~−0.60) | −0.43 (−0.57~−0.28) | 0.73 (0.64~0.83) | 0.57 (0.38~0.76) | 0.62 (0.52~0.72) |
| Southern Sub–Saharan Africa | −0.54 (−0.77~−0.30) | −0.02 (−0.19~0.14) | −0.62 (−0.82~−0.41) | −1.50 (−1.71~−1.30) | −1.74 (−1.91~−1.57) | −1.65 (−1.83~−1.46) | −0.13 (−0.33~0.06) | −0.82 (−0.99~−0.65) | −0.49 (−0.67~−0.32) |
| Tropical Latin America | −2.32 (−2.44~−2.21) | −1.47 (−1.53~−1.41) | −2.12 (−2.21~−2.02) | −1.38 (−1.56~−1.20) | −1.21 (−1.34~−1.08) | −1.39 (−1.55~−1.22) | −1.15 (−1.32~−0.98) | −0.80 (−0.89~−0.71) | −1.04 (−1.18~−0.90) |
| Western Europe | −1.52 (−1.68~−1.36) | −0.81 (−1.06~−0.55) | −1.27 (−1.46~−1.08) | −0.75 (−0.95~−0.55) | −0.45 (−0.55~−0.34) | −0.63 (−0.79~−0.46) | −1.36 (−1.52~−1.20) | −1.05 (−1.18~−0.91) | −1.21 (−1.35~−1.07) |
| Western Sub–Saharan Africa | −0.75 (−0.91~−0.58) | −0.28 (−0.36~−0.20) | −0.91 (−1.08~−0.74) | −0.18 (−0.26~−0.10) | 0.17 (0.10~0.25) | −0.34 (−0.40~−0.27) | 0.70 (0.60~0.80) | 0.67 (0.61~0.72) | 0.45 (0.36~0.55) |
ASDALYR, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate; CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease; SDI, socio-demographic index.