Table 8.
PAF of attributable risks of ASDR and ASDALYR to CAVD in 2019.
| ASDR (%) | ASDALYR (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead exposure | Diet high | High systolic | Lead exposure | Diet high | High systolic | |||||||
| in sodium | blood pressure | in sodium | blood pressure | |||||||||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Global | 5.53 | 3.49 | 11.63 | 7.68 | 89.08 | 92.76 | 5.38 | 3.67 | 13.05 | 8.55 | 89.00 | 92.43 |
| SDI level | ||||||||||||
| High SDI | 3.78 | 2.34 | 10.54 | 7.03 | 90.59 | 93.75 | 3.13 | 2.09 | 11.41 | 7.40 | 90.89 | 93.80 |
| High-middle SDI | 4.88 | 3.18 | 14.07 | 8.56 | 88.51 | 92.55 | 3.95 | 2.77 | 16.16 | 10.06 | 88.61 | 92.24 |
| Middle SDI | 8.10 | 5.81 | 15.32 | 9.59 | 86.03 | 90.72 | 7.14 | 5.37 | 16.31 | 10.69 | 86.61 | 90.62 |
| Low-middle SDI | 12.61 | 10.14 | 11.26 | 7.75 | 85.19 | 89.13 | 11.10 | 9.37 | 12.02 | 8.42 | 86.36 | 89.58 |
| Low SDI | 12.48 | 9.88 | 9.89 | 9.65 | 86.22 | 87.66 | 11.08 | 9.33 | 9.42 | 9.54 | 88.04 | 88.58 |
| World Bank Income Level | ||||||||||||
| World Bank High Income | 3.97 | 2.52 | 10.74 | 7.04 | 90.45 | 93.63 | 3.29 | 2.24 | 11.79 | 7.49 | 90.75 | 93.67 |
| World Bank Upper Middle Income | 5.95 | 3.67 | 18.12 | 11.34 | 85.77 | 90.90 | 5.18 | 3.56 | 19.23 | 12.74 | 86.22 | 90.43 |
| World Bank Lower Middle Income | 12.00 | 9.61 | 10.26 | 7.06 | 86.28 | 89.95 | 10.45 | 8.79 | 10.77 | 7.56 | 87.58 | 90.50 |
| World Bank Low Income | 10.12 | 6.70 | 11.18 | 11.98 | 87.17 | 88.24 | 9.01 | 6.40 | 10.22 | 11.62 | 89.02 | 89.11 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 7.43 | 5.44 | 15.01 | 10.32 | 84.73 | 89.06 | 6.79 | 5.25 | 14.84 | 10.52 | 85.66 | 89.04 |
| Australasia | 6.33 | 4.55 | 5.43 | 3.54 | 92.09 | 94.54 | 5.47 | 4.12 | 6.08 | 3.71 | 92.70 | 94.91 |
| Caribbean | 9.09 | 5.86 | 8.51 | 5.62 | 89.06 | 92.73 | 8.14 | 5.56 | 8.00 | 5.14 | 90.48 | 93.56 |
| Central Asia | 4.05 | 2.69 | 12.47 | 7.63 | 90.56 | 93.85 | 3.46 | 2.47 | 11.83 | 6.65 | 91.83 | 94.79 |
| Central Europe | 3.24 | 1.85 | 27.67 | 18.73 | 82.06 | 87.15 | 2.93 | 1.75 | 26.44 | 17.68 | 84.00 | 88.35 |
| Central Latin America | 8.26 | 6.05 | 17.21 | 9.33 | 84.85 | 90.42 | 7.20 | 5.46 | 16.85 | 9.65 | 86.25 | 90.81 |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 7.20 | 4.98 | 5.24 | 4.54 | 92.58 | 94.38 | 6.65 | 4.77 | 5.04 | 4.54 | 93.42 | 94.70 |
| East Asia | 7.82 | 5.32 | 30.72 | 23.72 | 77.28 | 82.65 | 7.04 | 5.10 | 33.79 | 26.36 | 76.74 | 81.56 |
| Eastern Europe | 1.51 | 0.77 | 12.28 | 5.87 | 92.78 | 96.34 | 1.33 | 0.71 | 12.49 | 6.44 | 92.97 | 96.25 |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 9.04 | 4.98 | 12.73 | 16.46 | 86.91 | 86.67 | 7.55 | 4.42 | 11.25 | 16.37 | 89.39 | 87.63 |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 2.23 | 1.67 | 16.88 | 14.16 | 87.41 | 88.96 | 1.85 | 1.46 | 17.33 | 14.52 | 87.96 | 89.18 |
| High-income North America | 4.97 | 2.78 | 10.37 | 5.99 | 89.25 | 94.06 | 4.06 | 2.45 | 11.89 | 6.70 | 89.21 | 93.89 |
| North Africa and Middle East | 9.82 | 6.23 | 4.01 | 2.06 | 91.59 | 95.04 | 8.91 | 5.89 | 4.34 | 2.25 | 92.36 | 95.34 |
| Oceania | 3.07 | 1.52 | 19.48 | 14.40 | 83.29 | 88.83 | 2.36 | 1.21 | 16.46 | 12.39 | 86.64 | 90.72 |
| South Asia | 14.44 | 12.06 | 10.23 | 6.90 | 84.35 | 88.23 | 13.07 | 11.37 | 11.33 | 7.77 | 85.24 | 88.55 |
| Southeast Asia | 4.39 | 2.53 | 19.09 | 13.78 | 86.73 | 90.75 | 4.06 | 2.46 | 18.99 | 14.40 | 87.45 | 90.72 |
| Southern Latin America | 3.18 | 1.91 | 12.40 | 9.38 | 90.07 | 92.61 | 2.87 | 1.76 | 12.60 | 9.38 | 90.54 | 92.94 |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 5.46 | 2.64 | 5.12 | 4.84 | 93.88 | 95.77 | 4.71 | 2.50 | 5.84 | 5.38 | 94.38 | 95.83 |
| Tropical Latin America | 5.04 | 3.94 | 12.47 | 8.65 | 89.70 | 92.19 | 4.32 | 3.55 | 12.37 | 8.53 | 90.68 | 92.73 |
| Western Europe | 3.82 | 2.63 | 8.19 | 4.64 | 92.47 | 95.32 | 3.18 | 2.34 | 8.86 | 4.87 | 92.91 | 95.47 |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 5.72 | 4.16 | 7.75 | 6.68 | 92.91 | 93.87 | 5.38 | 3.93 | 7.72 | 7.01 | 93.36 | 94.08 |
PAF, population attributable fraction; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; ASDALYR, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate; CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease.