Table 1.

Etiologic factors associated with femoral head osteonecrosis.

Traumatic-associated risk factors

Femoral neck fracture, femoral head fracture, dislocation of the hip joint

Atraumatic-associated risk factors

Corticosteroid use

Excessive alcohol intake

Coagulopathy (antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, myeloproliferative disorders)

Other (Caisson disease-dysbarism, sickle cell disease, hemoglobinopathies, Gaucher disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, radiation therapy, chronic renal failure, chronic pancreatitis)