Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the case-control sample
| Characteristic | Controls (N = 127) | Cases (N = 127) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (yr)a | 60.3 (10.2) | 60.4 (10.5) |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) (ml/min/1.73 m2)a | 94.5 (19.3) | 93.4 (20.1) |
| Diabetesa | 40 (31) | 39 (31) |
| Malea | 35 (28) | 27 (21) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 22 (17) | 29 (23) |
| High school graduate/GED | 19 (15) | 25 (20) |
| Vocational school, trade school, or college | 86 (68) | 73 (57) |
| Insurance | ||
| Private and public | 35 (28) | 34 (27) |
| Private only | 57 (45) | 54 (43) |
| Public only | 25 (20) | 28 (22) |
| Uninsured | 10 (8) | 10 (8) |
| Height (cm) | 167.7 (9.4) | 167.9 (8.0) |
| Weight (kg) | 90.0 (17.9) | 92.8 (21.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 (6.1) | 32.9 (6.7) |
| Current smoking | 14 (11) | 18 (14) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 127.9 (14.7) | 129.8 (17.5) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.2 (7.9) | 74.0 (8.9) |
| History of CVD | 8 (6) | 17 (13) |
| History of MI | 4 (3) | 7 (6) |
| History of stroke | 2 (2) | 6 (5) |
| Atrial fibrillation detected on ECG | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Antihypertensives | 85 (67) | 96 (76) |
| RAASi | 37 (29) | 46 (36) |
| Beta blockers | 17 (13) | 18 (14) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 27 (21) | 31 (24) |
| Diuretics | 62 (49) | 57 (45) |
| Urine albumin (mg/24h), median (IQR), 24 hour urine) | 5.9 (3.9 – 10.3) | 6.0 (4.3 – 12.8) |
| Microalbuminuria, 24 hour urineb | 7 (6) | 14 (11) |
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ECG, electrocardiogram; GED, general education development; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; RAASi, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor.
Entries are mean (SD) for continuous variables or N (%) for categorical variables, except as noted.
Cases and controls were matched on age (±7 years), eGFR (±10 ml/min/1.73 m2), and diabetes status; cases and controls were further matched on sex, when possible.
a
Matching variable.
b
Microalbuminuria defined as urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30 mg/g.