Table 3.

Associations of secretory solute clearance with albuminuria

Solute	Model 1			Model 2
	Relative difference in uACR (95% CI)	P-value	Relative difference in uACR (95% CI)		P-value
Cinnamoylglycine	0.99 (0.88, 1.12)	0.89	1.00 (0.89, 1.12)		0.96
Isovalerylglycine	1.11 (0.95, 1.30)	0.19	1.15 (0.99, 1.34)		0.07
Kynurenic acid	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)	0.08	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)		0.08
P-cresol sulfate	1.08 (0.96, 1.21)	0.19	1.10 (0.98, 1.23)		0.09
Xanthosine	1.13 (1.00, 1.28)	0.05	1.11 (0.98, 1.26)		0.09
Summary score	1.12 (1.00, 1.25)	0.06	1.13 (1.00, 1.27)		0.046a

CI, confidence interval; SBP, systolic blood pressure; uACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Entries are the ratio in geometric mean 10-year log-transformed urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio per 50% lower secretory clearance for individual solutes and per 10 point decrement for summary score. Model 1 adjusts for age, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, baseline log urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diabetes, flexibly modeled A1c, and sex; model 2 further adjusts for SBP, body mass index, and current smoking.

^aSignificant at P < 0.05.