Table 8.

Opportunities for addressing barriers to optimized T2D and CKD care through use of multidisciplinary teams^150,151

Barrier/Gap	Utilize members of the multidisciplinary team (e.g., clinical pharmacists, nurses) to:
Underuse of recommended therapies (e.g., ACE inhibitors/ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor agonists, finerenone) and overuse of potentially nephrotoxic agents (e.g., PPIs, NSAIDs)	•Identify potential candidates for organ-protective therapies •Screen for use of potentially nephrotoxic prescription and over-the-counter agents
Access barriers and high costs of medications (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors)	•Assisting patients with access and cost barriers
Need for longitudinal assessment of kidney function and other risk factors to direct care	•Provide initial and ongoing education to patients and caregivers about risk mitigation strategies
Lack of coordinated care and effective communication among members of the healthcare team	•Facilitate coordination of care among members of the healthcare team (e.g., primary care, endocrinology, nephrology, cardiology)

ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; T2D, type 2 diabetes.