Table 8.

NP-based combined PTT/PDT/other therapies.

The type of NPs	Payload	PTT/PDT	In vitro anti-cancer effect	Particles injection dosage of in vivo anti-cancer study	In vivo anti-cancer effect	Reference
Au nanoshells conjugated with ICG	N/A	PTT with surgery	Photothermal killing of SGC-7901 cells	100 μL (200 μg/mL)	Inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous SGC-7901 gastric tumor and peritoneal metastasis model (after image-guided surgery)	[312]
Prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted PDT agent	N/A	PDT with surgery	N/A	0.5 mg/kg	Primary and metastasis PC3 tumor targeting. Combined PDT with image-guided surgery reduce tumor recurrence.	[313]
AIE organic NPs	N/A	PDT with surgery	PDT induced 4T1 cell killing	100 μL (800 μM)	PAI guided surgery combined with PDT inhibited tumor growth	[314]
A tumor-penetrating peptide based hydrogel	JQ1 (bromodomain and extraterminal protein BRD4 inhibitor) and ICG co-loaded tumor cells	PDT with surgery	DCs maturation	2.5 mg/kg (equivalent ICG content)	DCs maturation and T cell proliferation. Inhibited the postoperation 4T1 tumor recurrence and metastasis	[315]
Polymer nanocomplex composed of PEI and copolymer of PEG, histidine and glutamic acid	Plasmid DNA of p53 and KillerRed	PDT with gene therapy	Tumor pH-triggered expression of p53 and KillerRed in H1299 cells; apoptosis after laser irradiation	100 μL (10 μg pCMV-p53 and 10 μg pKillerRed-mem)	p53 and KillerRed expression in an aggressive H1299 mouse-tumor model and tumor inhibition by either intratumoral or intravenous injection	[320]
PDA-coated nucleic acid nanogel	HSP 70 siRNA	PTT with gene therapy	Knockdown of HSP70 and apoptosis of Hela cells	200 μL (equivalent siRNA content: 1 mg/kg)	Low power PTT induced Hela tumor growth	[321]
Assembled upconversion NPs	SOD1 siRNA and the PSs (Zinc phthalocyanine)	PDT with gene therapy	SOD1 knockdown in HeLa and Cal27 cells, followed by PDT to kill cells	50 mg/kg	Cal27 tumor growth inhibition after intratumoral administration	[326]