TABLE 8.

Summarized results from mixed-effects models investigating the relationship between barrier scores and course performance, accounting for demographics and instructor^a

Model predictors	Outcome variable: course performance
Barrier category	Estimate ± SE
Technical resources	1.312 ± 0.358
Instructor organization	0.937 ± 0.411
Social interactions	−0.295 ± 0.212
Personal engagement	2.039 ± 0.314
Learning environment	0.315 ± 0.266

^aSignificant relationships (p < 0.05) are in bold. See Supplemental Tables 5–10 for full model results.