TABLE 5.

Student perceptions of online office hours disadvantages

Code name	Description: perceived a disadvantage of online office hours as…	Percent of student codes
Lack of connection and engagement	Being more challenging to connect to instructors than in person and not being able to build relationships with instructors	30.3%
Content challenges	Harder to understand content or convey questions and ideas	14.3%
Lack of ability to write and draw	Not being able to draw or write things as easily as in-person office hours	10.9%
Format	Leading to online screen fatigue, or cited general uneasiness with interactions in an online setting	8.6%
Technology issues	Being prone to Internet connectivity or other computer issues	6.8%
Less private	Not being able to have an individual conversation without others overhearing or having less access to one-on-one time with the instructor	6.6%
Long wait	Having to wait longer to receive assistance due to more students being present in office hours than when office hours were in person	4.7%
Less collaborative	Being harder to work together with peers or instructor, including citing that online office hours do not allow multiple conversations at once	3.3%
Lack of motivation	Leading to a lower drive to participate or increased complacency to not join	2.2%