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. 2022 Nov 26;14:1–20. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.015

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Walnut function as a MAO-B inhibitor in Parkinson’s disease. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aid tau protein phosphorylation, leading to formation of insoluble tau. Pin1 has also been found in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and has been demonstrated to aid in the production of α-Syn aggregation. Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A converts noradrenaline and MAO-B converts dopamine into its metabolites, resulting in neuronal disruptions. Walnut can inhibit MAO-B and Pin1 activity.