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. 2022 Dec 7;19(197):20220360. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0360

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Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 2. — Specificities of some fluid mechanical stimuli. (a) Maximum shear stress is found at the base of sprouts when TF is considered: (i) schematic of luminal (LF) and transmural flows (TF), (ii, iii) flow velocity and resulting wall shear stress (WSS) fields (adapted from [90]). (b) Parallelism between the effects of IF around the entire microvessel and those of TF around a single EC. (c) IF generates opposite gradients of (i) matrix-bound (adapted from [156]—Copyright (2005) National Academy of Sciences, USA) and (ii) soluble (qualitative) VEGF isoforms. (d) Localization of hydrostatic pressure (HP) and interstitial pressure (IP). (e) Example waveforms of non-reversing pulsatile flow (NPF), reversing pulsatile flow (RPF) and oscillatory flow (OF).