Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included studies (N=74).a
| Parameter | Total, n (%) | |
| Study design | ||
|
|
Viewpoint or comment | 27 (36.5) |
|
|
Quantitative | 27 (36.5) |
|
|
Qualitative | 13 (17.6) |
|
|
Mixed methods | 7 (9.5) |
| Publication year | ||
|
|
2007-2009 | 7 (9.5) |
|
|
2010-2012 | 7 (9.5) |
|
|
2013-2015 | 13 (17.6) |
|
|
2016-2018 | 23 (31.1) |
|
|
2019-2021 | 24 (32.4) |
| Country | ||
|
|
Australia | 3 (4.1) |
|
|
Canada | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
New Zealand | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
United Kingdom | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
United States | 68 (91.9) |
| Study participantsb | ||
|
|
Children and adolescents | 6454 (5.5) |
|
|
Parents | 110,184 (94.1) |
|
|
Health care professionals | 496 (0.4) |
|
|
N/Ac (no participants or not specified; studies) | 34 (45.9) |
| Treatment setting | ||
|
|
Pediatric | 34 (45.9) |
|
|
Adolescent | 15 (20.3) |
|
|
Adult | 2 (2.7) |
|
|
Inpatient | 15 (20.3) |
|
|
Outpatient | 20 (27) |
|
|
Academic | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
N/A | 7 (9.5) |
| Clinical field | ||
|
|
Chronic illnesses (cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or diabetes mellitus) | 6 (8.1) |
|
|
Psychiatry | 4 (5.4) |
|
|
Intensive care | 4 (5.4) |
|
|
Gastroenterology | 2 (2.7) |
|
|
Hematology | 2 (2.7) |
|
|
Obstetrics and gynecology | 2 (2.7) |
|
|
Neonatal care | 2 (2.7) |
|
|
Cancer | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Cardiology | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Pulmonology | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Emergency | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Hepatology | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Subspeciality | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
Radiology | 1 (1.4) |
|
|
N/A | 7 (9.5) |
aIndividual papers can be assigned to various subparameters at the same time, which means that percentage totals of >100% can be achieved.
bThe number of study participants was accumulated based on empirical and observational studies that included a reported number of study participants.
cN/A: not applicable.