Table 1.
Roles of immune cells in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| Cell | Roles in viral progression | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monocyte/Macrophage | Not duplicate | Cell pyrosis and induced profibrotic effects | (22) |
| pDC | Inhibiting | Mediated by IFN-I | (23) |
| cDC | Inhibiting | Mediated by IFN-I | (24) |
| NK cell | Inhibiting | Mediated by IFN-γ and TNF-α | (25) |
| Antifibrotic activity | Inhibited expression of profibrotic genes in lung fibroblasts | ||
| Th1 cell | Inhibiting | Mediated by IFN-γ | (26) |
| senescent Th2 cell | – | independent and significant risk factors for death | (27) |
| Tfh cell | Inhibiting | Supported GC responses | (28) |
| Tfr cell | Promoting | Suppressed anti-viral responses | (29) |
| Treg cell | Promoting | Suppressed the anti-viral responses via TGF-β and IL-10 | (30) |
| CTL cell | Inhibiting | Secreted cytotoxic molecules | (31) |
| Effector B cell | Inhibiting | Secreted nAb against virus | (32–34) |
| Regulatory B cell | Promoting | Need further exploration | (35) |