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. 2022 Nov 18;33(14):br25. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E22-07-0297

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FIGURE 2: — Chromosome structure mutants exhibit defects in bivalent and ring complex organization. (A) Meiosis I bivalents in akir-1(rj1) and him-18(tm2181) mutants; shown are DNA (blue), SUMO (green), and AIR-2 (red). Zooms of individual bivalents show RC structure in each mutant; diagrams detailing bivalent and ring structure are shown to the right of the images. Bivalents in the akir-1 mutant have a large gap in the center, highlighting the interwoven subloop structure. In him-18 mutants, bivalents are cracked open; top row shows a cracked bivalent from the side, and the bottom row shows a top view. (B) Additional examples of him-18(tm2181) cracked-open bivalents; shown are DNA (blue), SUMO (green), and AIR-2 (red). Zooms of individual chromosomes show the cracked-open structure of him-18 bivalents with short-arm “nubs” exposed (arrows). RC components loop around these nubs, forming collars. (C) Meiosis I bivalents in wild-type oocytes (top) and him-18(tm2181) mutants (bottom); shown are DNA (blue), SUMO (green), and CLS-2 (red). CLS-2 localizes to the kinetochores of wild-type bivalents and coats the exposed short arms of cracked-open him-18(tm2181) bivalents, which are usually inaccessible. Scale bars = 5 µm (full images), 1 µm (zooms).