Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| All cancer | Non-cachexia | Cachexia | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | (n = 8478) | (n = 7037) | (n = 1441) | P |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 56.75 (12.05) | 56.54 (11.83) | 57.77 (13.01) | < 0.001 |
| < 65 | 6218 (73.30) | 5217 (74.10) | 1001 (69.50) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 65 | 2260 (26.70) | 1820 (25.90) | 440 (30.50) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 4338 (51.20) | 3465 (49.20) | 873 (60.60) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 4140 (48.80) | 3572 (50.80) | 568 (39.40) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 22.88 (3.47) | 23.57 (3.06) | 19.53 (3.39) | < 0.001 |
| TNM, n (%) | ||||
| I | 1261 (14.90) | 1137 (16.20) | 124 (8.60) | < 0.001 |
| II | 2052 (24.20) | 1779 (25.30) | 273 (18.90) | |
| III | 2938 (34.70) | 2388 (33.90) | 550 (38.20) | |
| IV | 2227 (26.30) | 1733 (24.60) | 494 (34.30) | |
| Smoke, yes, n (%) | 3357 (39.60) | 2675 (38.00) | 682 (47.30) | < 0.001 |
| Complication, yes, n (%) | 2727 (32.2) | 2266 (32.2) | 461 (32.0) | 0.901 |
| Alcohol, yes, n (%) | 1569 (18.50) | 1222 (17.40) | 347 (24.10) | < 0.001 |
| Anorexia, yes, n (%) | 1092 (12.90) | 734 (10.40) | 358 (24.80) | < 0.001 |
| NRS-2002, ≥ 3, n (%) | 2217 (26.20) | 938 (13.30) | 1279 (88.80) | < 0.001 |
| PGSGA, n (%) | ||||
| 0–3 | 4304 (50.80) | 4105 (58.30) | 199 (13.80) | < 0.001 |
| 4–8 | 2594 (30.60) | 2093 (29.70) | 501 (34.80) | |
| ≥ 9 | 1580 (18.60) | 839 (11.90) | 741 (51.40) | |
| GLIM-step1, n (%) | ||||
| Well nourished | 4271 (50.40) | 4271 (60.70) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate malnutrition | 2800 (33.00) | 1992 (28.30) | 808 (56.10) | |
| Severe malnutrition | 1407 (16.60) | 774 (11.00) | 633 (43.90) | |
| GLIM-step2, n (%) | ||||
| Well nourished | 6624 (78.10) | 6462 (91.80) | 162 (11.20) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate malnutrition | 1122 (13.20) | 425 (6.00) | 697 (48.40) | |
| Severe malnutrition | 732 (8.60) | 150 (2.10) | 582 (40.40) | |
| KPS, Mean (SD) | 87.09 (12.79) | 88.12 (11.69) | 82.04 (16.28) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L), Mean (SD) | 39.53 (10.49) | 39.89 (8.52) | 37.78 (17.01) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 35 | 6883 (81.20) | 5924 (84.20) | 959 (66.60) | < 0.001 |
| < 35 | 1595 (18.80) | 1113 (15.80) | 482 (33.40) | |
| NLR, Mean (SD) | 3.70 (7.15) | 3.5 (6.64) | 4.69 (9.19) | < 0.001 |
| MAC (cm), Mean (SD) | 26.58 (3.55) | 27.08 (3.31) | 24.16 (3.69) | < 0.001 |
| TSF (mm), Mean (SD) | 16.90 (8.01) | 17.79 (7.89) | 12.59 (7.19) | < 0.001 |
| MAMC (cm), Mean (SD) | 20.83 (3.43) | 21.03 (3.42) | 19.88 (3.27) | < 0.001 |
| CC (cm), Mean (SD) | 33.23 (3.91) | 33.72 (3.68) | 30.80 (4.07) | < 0.001 |
All of other cancer were solid neoplasms, including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, brain malignant tumor, gastric stromal tumor and biliary tract cancer
SD Standard deviation, BMI Body mass index, NRS2002 the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, PG-SGA Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, GLIM the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, GLIM-step1 One-step GLIM criteria, GLIM-step2 Two-step GLIM criteria. One-step GLIM criteria and two-step GLIM criteria represented different GLIM criteria with or without nutrition risk screening by NRS-2002, respectively, KPS Karnofsky Score, NLR Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, MAC Mid-arm circumference, TSF Triceps skinfold thickness, MAMC Mid-arm muscle circumference, CC Calf circumference (left calf)