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. 2022 Dec 6;22:472. doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02682-7

Table 2.

Characteristics of 9 RCTs and 1 non-RCT, including Case/Control, Details of Injection, Evaluating Parameters, Follow-up Periods, Selection Criteria

Study ID(first author) Case/Control(monotherapy/combination therapy) Details of Injection Evaluating Parameters Follow-up Periods Selection Criteria
Osman Çekiç [12]

17(IVTA)&14(IVB)/

21(IVTA + IVB)

IVTA: triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg;

IVB: bevacizumab 1.25 mg;

IVTA + IVB: triamcinolone2mg + bevacizumab 1.25 mg

1) Snellen Visual Acuity;

2) CMT

 Mon 1, 3, 6

1) visual acuity of 20/40 or worse;

2) central macular thickness of 250 μm or greater
Alex S. Willoughby [13] 17(IVA)/21(IVA + IVTA)

IVA: Aflibercept 2 mg + Placebo;

IVA + IVTA: Aflibercept 2 mg + triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg(Suprachoroidal Injection)

1) vascular choroidal thickness (VCT);

2) stromal choroidal thickness (SCT);

3) total choroidal thickness (TCT);

4) suprachoroidal space (SCS)

 Mon 1, 2, 3

1) macular edema due to RVO of ≤ 12 months

Duration;

2) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20 to 70 ETDRS letters;

3) central subfield thickness (CST) > 310 µm
J Moon [14] 23(IVB)/18(IVB + IVTA)

IVB: bevacizumab 1.25 mg;

IVB + IVTA: bevacizumab

1.25 mg + subtenon triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg

Primary outcomes:

the number of additional IVB injections due to recurred ME during 6 months;

Secondary outcomes:

1) changes in BCVA and CMT from baseline to 6 months;

2) BCVA, and CMT at 1, 3 and 6 months after injection;

3) time point of additional IVB injection;

4) safety profifiles including adverse effects such as IOP elevation, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and vitreous hemorrhage were evaluated

 Mon 1, 3, 6

1) logMAR visual acuity ≥ 0.3 (Snellen equivalent

 ≤ 20/40);

2) ME secondary to BRVO
Chuanfeng Fan [15] 30(IVR)/27(IVR + IVTA)

IVR: ranibizumab 0.5 mg;

IVR + IVTA: ranibizumab 0.5 mg + triamcinolone acetonide 1 mg

1) CMT;

2) intraocular pressure(IOP);

3) BCVA

 Mon 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1) symptom duration < 3 months;

2) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 20/40 (early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study [ETDRS] equivalent = 70 letters);

3) central macular thickness (CMT) ≥ 275 μm;

4) fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) showing wide-spread diffuse leakage involving the macular and the fovea
Peter A. Campochiaro [16] 23(IVA); 23(IVTA + IVA)

IVA: triamcinolone acetonide(Suprachoroidal Injection)

plus aflibercept

IVTA + IVA: plus aflibercept

Primary outcomes:

the number of protocol-required aflflibercept

re-treatments through month 3;

Secondary outcomes:

1) mean improvement from baseline BCVA and CST at months 1, 2, and 3;

2) percentage of participants with CST ≤ 310 um at months 1, 2, and 3;

3) percentage of participants with BCVA gain ≥ 0, 5, 10 or 15

letters at months 1, 2, and 3;

4) percentage of participants with BCVA loss < 15 letters at months 1, 2, and 3

 Mon 1, 2, 3

1) ≥ 18 years of age;

2) macular edema due to RVO for 12 months;

3) BCVA ≥ 20 in each eye (20/400 Snellen equivalent) and ≤ 70 in the study eye (20/40 Snellen equivalent);

4) Central subfield thickness (CST) was

 ≥ 310 μm
Kyungmin Lee [17] 31(IVTA)&95(IVB)/25(IVTA + IVB)

IVTA: triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg(0.1 ml);

IVB: bevacizumab

2.5 mg(0.1 ml);

IVTA + IVB: triamcinolone 2 mg(0.05 ml) + bevacizumab 1.25 mg(0.05 ml)

1) Visual acuity;

2) change in visual acuity;

3) intraocular pressure

 Mon 1, 3, 6, 12, 24

1) Best corrected visual acuity in Snellen chart ≤ 20 / 40, or ≥ 20 / 400;

2) Center-involved macular edema secondary to BRVO present on clinical examination;

3) Media clarity;

4) papillary dilation;

5) subject cooperation sufficient for adequate fundus photographs
Raj K Maturi [18] 14(IVB)/11(IVB + DEX)

IVB: IVB 1.25 mg + sham DEX injection after 1 week

IVB + DEX: 1.25 mg + DEX injection after 1 week;

Primary outcomes:

improvement in VA at 6 months;

Secondary outcomes:

1) the mean changes in CST;

2) the proportions of eyes with CST 250 μm;

3) the number of bevacizumab injections required by each group

 Mon 6

1) macular edema of less than 1 year’s duration due to BRVO or CRVO;

2) central subfield thickness (CST) 250 μm;

3) Best corrected VA scores at baseline were 24 and 80 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters
ZHAO Xue-zhang [20] 20(IVTA)/20(IVTA + IVC)

IVTA: triamcinolone acetonide 1 mg

IVTA + IVC: triamcinolone acetonide 1 mg + conbercept 0.5 mg

1) BCVA;

2) CMT;

3) intraocular pressure(IOP)

 Week 1, Month 1, 3

1) Confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA);

2) All cases were monocular;

3) Course of disease within 3 months;

4) The age range was 30–75 years, and the intraocular pressure was normal;

5) Relevant information is complete
DUAN Yu-ping [21] 150(IVTA)/150(IVTA + IVC)

IVTA: triamcinolone acetonide 0.05 ml

IVTA + IVC: triamcinolone acetonide 0.05 ml + conbercept 0.05 ml

1) BVCA;

2) CMT;

3) intraocular pressure(IOP)

Week 1;

Mon 1, 3, 6

1) RVO was confirmed by ophthalmic examination;

2) Chief complaint of vision deformity or vision loss;

3) Fundus examination showed superficial retinal hemorrhage in the affected vein area, accompanied by digital redness of the retina, detour and expansion of blocked veins, accompanied by white sheath;

4) Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed delayed filling time of retinal vein accompanied by vascular wall leakage;

5) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed the elevation or disappearance of macular fovea, diffuse thickening of retina, and macular fovea thickness (CMT) > 250 μm;

6) The right eye was selected for binocular involvement, and the unilateral eye was selected for unilateral involvement;

7) The intraocular pressure of the affected eye was normal;

8) Obtaining informed consent of patients and their families;

9) Approved by the hospital ethics Committee
Zheng Tan [19] 33(IVA)/33(IVA + IVTA)

IVA: aflibercept 0.05 ml, monthly follow-up after 3 injections, repeated injection if necessary (3 + Pm)

IVA + IVTA: aflibercept 0.05 ml was injected intravitreal, and 40 mg(0.5 ml) of triamcinolone acetonide was injected subfascia

1) BCVA;

2) CMT;

3) intraocular pressure(IOP)

 Month 1, 3, 6 Patients diagnosed with macular edema secondary to CRVO