a) The growth of various Veillonella strains was studied in SKbN with 0.5% yeast extract, and with and without 1% casitone, 1% casamino acids, or 50 mM L-aspartic acid (n=3 biological replicates). b) The addition of lactate or malate stimulates growth of V. parvula in SKb medium (n=4 biological replicates). Growth rates (μmax) were calculated for each growth curve. Data represent mean ± SEM, analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (a) or Dunnett’s test (b). NS, not significant.