Table 2.
Antifungal activity against five plant pathogenic fungi and ACCD activity of the fungal endophytes from Stipa purpurea.
| Fungal growth inhibition * (%) | ACCD activity** | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Isolates | Identified as | Botrytis cinerea | Alternaria alternata | Alternaria solani | Fusarium oxysporum | Fusarium solani | ACCD (acdS) | ACCD activity (μmol/mg per hour α-ketobutyrate) |
| ZMl09 | Alternaria carthami | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.25±5.5 | 34.38±9.1 | - | |
| ZMr04 | Paraphoma sp. | 54.1±5.1 | 38.9±6.4 | 45.7±7.9 | 28.6±7.4 | 38.2±11.8 | + | 0.23±0.05 |
| ZMr11 | Paraphoma sp. | 33.3±6.6 | 34.7±5.7 | 32.9±7.0 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| ZMr23 | Pleosporales sp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.4±5.8 | 18.8±6.4 | - | |
| ZMr02 | Saccharicola bicolor | 6.2±1.8 | 40.3±7.5 | 34.3±7.0 | 26.2±6.5 | 54.9±14.0 | - | |
| ZMr12 | Saccharicola bicolor | 5.9±0.2 | 43.2±5.8 | 33.5±8.3 | 25.3±10.4 | 53.2±14.8 | + | 0.43±0.08 |
| ZMr20 | Saccharicola bicolor | 6.4±0.3 | 39.8±6.0 | 32.5±7.3 | 23.5±8.3 | 52.2±13.9 | - | |
| ZMr21 | Saccharicola bicolor | 6.1±0.1 | 42.2±6.2 | 35.7±10.0 | 29.9±7.9 | 56.7±14.3 | - | |
| ZMr24 | Saccharicola bicolor | 5.9±0.1 | 42.5±7.3 | 32.1±7.8 | 28.7±8.0 | 58.8±15.7 | - | |
| ZMr29 | Saccharicola bicolor | 5.8±0.1 | 44.6±6.6 | 33.6±8.7 | 23.3±7.9 | 55.9±15.0 | - | |
| ZMr35 | Saccharicola bicolor | 6.3±0.2 | 38.9±6.7 | 37.8±7.1 | 24.4±7.9 | 51.2±14.2 | - | |
| ZMr38 | Saccharicola bicolor | 5.7±0.1 | 42.3±7.0 | 36.7±7.2 | 23.5±8.7 | 53.2±13.8 | - | |
| ZMr48 | Saccharicola bicolor | 6.4±0.3 | 43.4±19.8 | 35.7±7.9 | 25.6±9.5 | 56.7±14.4 | - | |
| ZMr30 | Stagonospora perfecta | 0 | 20.8±7.5 | 28.6±6.8 | 16.7±7.5 | 42.2±11.1 | - | |
| ZMr44 | Stagonospora perfecta | 0 | 21.3±6.1 | 29.8±9.5 | 15.9±7.9 | 43.2±11.2 | - | |
| ZMr28 | Phialophora mustea | 2.1±0.9 | 18.1±6.7 | 28.6±9.3 | 9.5±6.4 | 0 | - | |
| ZMr40 | Cadophora sp. | 25.0±1.7 | 36.1±8.3 | 45.7±7.1 | 26.2±8.3 | 0 | + | 0.27±0.06 |
| ZMr33 | Helotiales sp. | 0 | 37.5±7.5 | 44.3±7.2 | 16.7±7.9 | 52.0±14.7 | - | |
| ZMl04 | Heydenia alpina | 0 | 30.6±7.5 | 38.6±8.7 | 21.4±8.7 | 0 | + | 0.32±0.11 |
| ZMl14 | Heydenia alpina | 0 | 32.3±6.9 | 40.9±7.7 | 20.1±9.1 | 0 | - | |
| ZMl15 | Heydenia arietina | 0 | 0.0 | 42.9±7.9 | 28.6±7.9 | 0 | + | 0.29±0.09 |
| ZMl13 | Heydenia myrsines | 0 | 34.7±7.9 | 34.3±7.3 | 19.0±7.4 | 0 | - | |
| ZMl07 | Fusarium acuminatum | 30.0±6.6 | 0 | 0 | 9.4±7.5 | 28.1±8.6 | - | |
| ZMl17 | Fusarium pseudograminearum | 0 | 45.8±7.9 | 51.4±8.1 | 28.6±9.1 | 60.8±15.6 | - | |
| ZMl10 | Fusarium tricinctum | 35.42±6.9 | 0 | 32.9±7.2 | 0 | 55.9±14.7 | - | |
| ZMl11 | Fusarium tricinctum | 36.6±6. | 0 | 30.3±7.9 | 0 | 57.7±16.0 | - | |
| ZMl12 | Fusarium tricinctum | 0 | 0 | 33.2±7.5 | 0 | 52.2±13.6 | - | |
| ZMl16 | Fusarium tricinctum | 40.0±7.6 | 0 | 35.5±8.3 | 0 | 59.5±14.8 | - | |
| ZMr01 | Fusarium tricinctum | 52.0±9.1 | 0 | 38.6±8.3 | 11.9±7.9 | 54.9±13.8 | - | |
| ZMr14 | Fusarium sp. | 20.8±6.2 | 0 | 28.6±8.3 | 9.5±7.8 | 0 | - | |
| ZMr47 | Fusarium sp. | 0 | 41.7±8.0 | 48.6±8.1 | 28.6±7.2 | 54.9±14.9 | - | |
| ZMl03 | Fusarium sp. | 41.7±7.0 | 40.3±8.3 | 40.0±8.6 | 4.8±5.9 | 50.0±13.3 | + | 1.59±0.39 |
| ZMr37 | Myrothecium inundatum | 56.3±6.2 | 37.5±6.9 | 44.3±7.2 | 16.7±7.5 | 58.8±16.2 | - | |
| ZMl06 | Simplicillium chinense | 25.0±6.2 | 25.0±3.3 | 44.3±8.7 | 11.9±8.3 | 57.8±15.2 | + | 2.03±0.58 |
| ZMr39 | Trichoderma citrinum | 0 | 40.3±7.5 | 54.3±9.7 | 19.0±8.3 | 58.8±16.2 | - | |
| ZMr18 | Trichoderma citrinum | 0 | 41.2±5.4 | 55.5±8.3 | 18.1±8.7 | 57.6±14.5 | + | 0.63±0.15 |
| ZMr19 | Trichoderma sp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0.59±0.19 |
| ZMr25 | Verticillium leptobactrum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.3±6.2 | 35.9±10.1 | - | |
| ZMr26 | Verticillium sp. | 0 | 4.5±5.2 | 0 | 34.4±8.9 | 42.2±11.5 | - | |
| ZMr08 | Slopeiomyces cylindrosporus | 16.6±5.6 | 40.3±7.8 | 41.4±8.1 | 19.0±9.9 | 56.9±14.3 | + | 7.22±2.6 |
| ZMl18 | Chaetomium murorum | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 14.3±7.1 | 59.8±15.7 | + | 1.77±0.65 |
| ZMl08 | Chaetomium murorum | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 13.2±7.9 | 60.6±16.1 | + | 1.63±0.39 |
| ZMr17 | Monosporascus ibericus | 0 | 27.8±7.9 | 35.7±7.6 | 50.0±7.8 | 32.4±8.4 | + | 0.29±0.09 |
| ZMr03 | Microdochium bolleyi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0.15±0.06 |
| ZMr16 | Microdochium bolleyi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0.19±0.08 |
*
Growth inhibition 96 h after culture against five plant pathogenic fungi in dual cultures, Results are mean ± SD of three determinations.
**
Detection of gene encoding for acdS enzyme ACCD (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase), ACCD activity was measured in μmol of α-ketobutyrate per milligram of protein per hour. The results are the mean of three replicates.