Table 2.
Some selected glycosylation of quercetin in E. coli.
| Quercetin glycosides | Biocatalysts used in E. coli | Sources/activities of biocatalyst | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin 3-O-glucoside | RF5 (Flavanol-3-O-glucosyltransferse) | Oryza sativa/ glycosylation of quercetin | 12 |
| Quercetin 3-O-xyloside | Phosphoglucomutase (nfa44530) | Nocardia farcinica/ glucose 6 phosphate to glucose 1 phosphate | 13 |
| Glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galU). | E. coli K-12/glucose 1 phosphate to UDP glucose | ||
| UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (calS8) and UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase | Micromonospora echinospora spp. Calichensis/UDP glucose to UDP xylose | ||
| arGt-3 (Glycosyltransferase) | Arabidopsis thaliana/quercetin to quercetin 3-O-xyloside. | ||
| Quercetin 3-O-(6-deoxytalose) | tll gene (encoding dTDP-6-deoxy-l-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase) | Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans /Convert dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-l-mannose to dTDP-6-deoxytalose. | 14 |
| AtUGT78D1 (flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase) | Arabidopsis thaliana/Quercetin to quercetin 3-O-(6-deoxytalose). | ||
| Quercetin 3-O-glucosyl (1→2) xyloside | AtUGT78D2 and AtUGT79B1 | Arabidopsis thaliana/ quercetin to quercetin 3-O-glucoside and then to quercetin 3-O-glucosyl (1→2) xyloside. | 15 |
| Quercetin 3-O-glucosyl (1→6) rhamnoside (Rutin) | AtUGT78D2 and Fg2. | Arabidopsis thaliana/ quercetin to quercetin 3-O-glucoside and G. max/to rutin. | |
| Quercetin 3-O- glucuronic acid 7-O- rhamnoside [Q-GR] and quercetin 3-O- arabinose 7-O-rhamnoside [Q-AR] | AtUGT89C1 and rhamnose synthase gene RHM (Rhamnose synthase) | Arabidopsis thaliana/rhamnosylation of quercetin | 16 |
| 17 | |||
| 18 | |||
| Miquelianin (Quercetin 3-glucuronide) | UDP-glucuronic acid biosynthesis genes along with glucokinase | 19 | |
| Glycosyltransferase VvGT5 (UDP-glucuronic acid: flavonol 3-O glucuronosyltransferase) | Grapevine (Vitis vinifera)/Quercetin to quercetin 3-glucuronide |