Table 1.
Antibacterial effects of Bifidobacterium spp.
| Reference | Strain(s) | Outcomes and results | Discussion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inturri et al. [7] | B. longum, L. rhamnosus | • Both strains inhibited pathogens (E. coli, S. enteritidis, and S. typhi), both alone and in combination • Inhibited attachment of pathogenic bacteria to HT-29 cells |
Probiotics inhibited gram-negative pathogens, and the inhibitory effect was stronger in combination |
| Lee et al. [8] | B. adolescentis, B. longum | • Proliferation of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. gordoni, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomtans decreased • Live bacteria showed stronger activity |
The administration of B. adolescentis may be useful in preventing cavities |
| Lee et al. [9] | B. adolescentis, B. pseudo-catenulatum, B. longum | • Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and VISA increased | Bifidobacterium spp. inhibited the growth of P. acnes and thus could be used to treat acne |
| Muñoz-Quezada et al. [10] | L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus, B. breve | • Antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes increased | Probiotics were useful in preventing meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes |
| Abdelhamid et al. [11] | L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. longum, B. bifidum | • Biofilm formation of E. coli IC2 and WW1 was inhibited | Probiotics removed the biofilm formed by multidrug-resistant E. coli |
| Yoon et al. [12] | B. adolescentis, B. pseudo-catenulatum, B. longum | • Growth inhibition activity against VISA and VRE increased | Bifidobacteria were beneficial when administered in combination with antibiotics, in diseases caused by superbacteria |
| Lkhagvadorj et al. [13] | B. breve, B. dentium, B. pseudo-catenulatum | • Survival of cells treated with 5-FU and then infected with MRSA increased | The combination of B. breve and galactooligosaccharides exhibited activity against MRSA |
| Yang et al. [14] | B. breve | • Expression of tcdA and tcdB decreased when combined with antibiotics, including metronidazole, clindamycin, and ceftazidime | The antibacterial effects of C. difficile were enhanced when B. breve was combined with certain antibiotics |
| Toscano et al. [15] | L. rhamnosus, B. longum | • Changes in intestinal microbial composition • Harmful bacteria decreased |
Probiotics changed the intestinal microflora by reducing harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial bacteria |
5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; MRSA, multidrug-resistant S. aureus; VISA, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.