Table 2.
List of phage-biocontrol approaches against A. salmonicida in aquaculture.
| Bacterial strain | Fish species | Challenge | Phages | Administration (efficient MOI*) | Biocontrol potential | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HER1107 | Brook trout (S. fontinalis) | Immersion | HER 110 | Immersion (1) | Yes | Delayed onset of furunculosis by 7 d and reduced total mortality rates from 100% to 10% | [32] |
| Cefas 78027 | Atlantic salmon (S. salar) | Cohabitation or I.P. injection | O, R, and B | Various methods (Various MOIs**) | No | No protective effects were observed | [193] |
| AS01, ATCC 27013 | ND (in vitro only) | ND (in vitro only) | PAS-1 | ND (0.1) | Yes | Bacterial growths were apparently retarded until 24 h | [181] |
| AS05 | Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) | I.M. injection | PAS-1 | I.M. injection (10,000) | Yes | Notable protective effects with increased survival rates (0% to 30%). Neutralizing activity against PAS-1 was detected in the phage-treated fish | [33] |
| CECT 894 | Senegalese sole (S. senegalensis) | Immersion | AS-A | Immersion (100) | Yes | Inhibition of bacterial growth both in the seawater and batch cultures with fish, and no mortality was observed compared to control group (36%). | [34] |
| AS-sz | ND (in vitro only) | ND (in vitro only) | AS-szw, AS-yj, AS-zj, AS-sw, and AS-gz | ND (0.01) | Yes | Efficient phage cocktail was designed and its synergetic antimicrobial activity was confirmed | [183] |
| CECT 894 | ND (in vitro only) | ND (in vitro only) | AS-A, AS-D, and AS-E | ND (100) | Yes | Efficient phage cocktail was designed and its synergetic antimicrobial activity was confirmed | [194] |
| Unnamed isolate | ND (in vitro only) | ND (in vitro only) | ASP-1 | ND (0.01) | Yes | Bacterial growths were apparently retarded until 12 h | [195] |
*MOI, Multiplicity of infection.
**The exact administration methods of phages and MOIs can be found in Verner-Jeffreys et al. [193].