Fig. 2. Induction of the NF-κB promoter by MAVS, TBK1 and IKKε were inhibited by ZIKV-encoded proteins.

Plasmids encoding individual ZIKV protein, NF-κB-luc, β-Gal, and MAVS (A), TBK1 (B), or IKKε (C) were co-transfected to HEK293T cells. At 24 hpt, the activities of NF-κB promoter were analyzed by for the luciferase assay (top panel) and western blotting (bottom panel). Anti-MAVS antibody or anti-HA antibody (for TBK1 and IKKε), anti-FLAG antibody (for ZIKV proteins), or anti-GAPDH antibody (for human GAPDH) were used. Representative data are shown from two independent experiments. Student’s two-tailed t-test were applied for statistical significance, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. The sizes of the proteins are presented on the left (kDa) and arrows indicate the expected proteins.