Table 1.

The list of metabolites that were significantly increased by L. plantarum fermentation (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05).

Metabolite	p- value	Fold change
Cellobiose	< 0.001	55.7
Gluconic acid	< 0.001	8.2
Pinitol	< 0.001	7.0
Glutamate	0.001	5.0
Glyceric acid	< 0.001	4.2
3-Hydroxypyridine	< 0.001	3.4
Isoleucine	< 0.001	3.3
Fructose-6-phosphate	< 0.001	3.3
Pyruvic acid	< 0.001	3.2
Valine	< 0.001	2.8
Fumaric acid	< 0.001	2.5
Tyrosine	< 0.001	2.4
2-Deoxytetronic acid	0.006	2.2
Tartaric acid	< 0.001	2.2
Phenylalanine	< 0.001	2.1
2,3-Dihydroxypyridine	0.011	1.9
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	0.001	1.8
Isothreonic acid	0.017	1.8
Xylose	0.001	1.8
Threonic acid	< 0.001	1.7
Hydroxylamine	0.028	1.6
Butyrolactam	0.002	1.6
Oxalic acid	0.022	1.6
Uric acid	< 0.001	1.6
Alanine	0.007	1.5
Xanthine	< 0.001	1.5
3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose	0.002	1.5
Beta alanine	0.038	1.5
Nicotinic acid	0.001	1.4
Thymine	< 0.001	1.4
N-methylalanine	< 0.001	1.4
Guanine	0.004	1.4
Allantoic acid (dehydrated)	0.001	1.3
Oxoproline	0.006	1.3
Palmitic acid	0.045	1.3
Lactic acid	0.034	1.1
Uracil	0.004	0.9
Succinic acid	0.001	0.8
Galactinol	< 0.001	0.7
Inositol-4-monophosphate	0.047	0.6
6-Chlorohexanol	0.025	0.6
Tryptophan	0.003	0.6
Glutamine	< 0.001	0.3
Malic acid	< 0.001	0.2
Erythritol	< 0.001	0.2
Lyxitol	< 0.001	0.1

Fold change was the ratio of post-fermentation over pre-fermentation.