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. 2020 Jun 19;30(12):1896–1904. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05023

Fig. 5. Effects of LJE and leonurine on muscle protein degradation in L6 myotubes.

Fig. 5

L6 myotubes were treated with TNF-α (50 ng/ml), LJE (40 and 80 μg/ml), and leonurine (20 and 40 μM). Relative protein levels of p-FoxO3a and FoxO3a (A, B) were measured using western blot, with α-tubulin as the housekeeping gene. Relative mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 (C, D) were evaluated using RT-PCR, with β-actin as the housekeeping gene. Group differences were assessed by Duncan’s multiple range test, ##p < 0.01 (negative control group vs. TNF-α-treated group), *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 (TNF-α-treated group vs. LJE- and leonurine-treated groups).