The relative abundances of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V3-V4 region), classified to the phylum (inner pie) and species (outer pie) level, are shown. Firmicutes, the phylum to which Clostridium clostridioforme group belongs was the major phylum in (A) sham control and (B) ETBFcolonized AOM/DSS group. Verrucomicrobia the phylum to which Akkermansia muciniphila belongs was the major phylum in (C) ETBF-colonized AOM/DSS group administered with 60 mg kg-1 zerumbone and (D) control group administered with 60 mg kg-1 zerumbone. Abbreviations of group names are as follows: Sham, sham control; ETBF/AOM/DSS, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS; ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z(60), ETBF colonized AOM/DSS given zerumbone (60 mg kg-1); Z (60), zerumbone (60 mg kg-1).