Chart 2. Characteristics of publications, measurement methods, devices, and number of measurements (n = 25), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, 2021.

Main author/ /year/country	Objective	Study design/ participants /Type of DM	Method	Device	Type of BPV /interval of measurements
Najafi MT (2018)(21) Iran	To investigate the association between microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications and diurnal and nocturnal BP variability.	Cross-sectional/ 192 participants/ DM 2	Auscultatory Oscillometric	Mercury Sphygmomanometer Erkameter 3000® ABPM Tiba Ambulo 2400®	Short-term/ Every 30 minutes for 24 hours ** One measurement at a time, every 30 consecutive minutes, for a period of 24 hours
Iuchi H (2017)(22) Japan	To examine the association between daily BPV and two different types of ambulatorial BPV.	Cross-sectional/ 30 participants/ DM2	Oscillometric	TM-242\5; A&D (ABPM)® *	Short- (24 hours) and medium- term (five days) One measurement every visit for five days One measurement every 60 minutes for 24 hours, during daytime (9:00 am to 9:00 pm) and night-time (00:00 am to 06:00 am)
Wan EYF (2017)(23) China	To evaluate the connection between visit-to-visit variability of SBP and CVD/mortality risk in the Chinese DM2 population in primary care.	Retrospective cohort/ 124,105 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	TM-2655P, A&D Company® UA-853, A&D Company® M3A, EDAN® *	Long-term (visit-to-visit) / two years Every three months (a total of nine)
Suzuki D (2020)(24) Japan	To investigate the association between daily BPV at home and eTFG in individuals with diabetes and compare this connection with individuals without diabetes.	Cross-sectional J-HOP study/ 4,231 participants/ Type of DM not reported	Oscillometric	HEM-5001, Omron Healthcare® *	Medium-term (visit-to-visit) / 14 days One measurement in the morning and at night
Veloudi P (2016)(25) Australia	To determine the relation between BPV indices and retinal arteriolar diameter in non-diabetic participants and participants with type II diabetes.	Post-hoc analysis/ 35 non-diabetic and 28 DM2 participants	Oscillometric	TM-2430, A&D Medical®	Short-term/24 hours Every 20 minutes during the day and every 30 minutes at night
Papadopoulou E. (2020)(26) Greece	To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on short-term BPV in patients with DM2.	Randomized clinical trial/ 43 participants in the dapagliflozin group and 42 in the placebo group/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	Mobil-O-Graph, IEM-Stolberg®	Short-term/24 hours 20 minutes during the day (7am to 11pm) and every 30 minutes during the night (11pm to 7am).
Y. Gepner, Y (2016)(27) Israel	To evaluate the effect of initiating moderate red wine consumption on 24-hour BP recordings and the effect of one common alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genetic variant among patients with type 2 diabetes.	Randomized clinical trial/ 224 patients/ DM2	Oscillometric	Oscar 2, SunTech Medical®	Short-term/24 hours (At the beginning and end of the study) Every 30 minutes during the day (6am to 11pm) and every 60 minutes at night (11pm to 6am)
Ushigome E (2014)(28) Japan	Investigate the factors affecting BPV at home in patients with DM2.	Cross-sectional Multicenter study/ 1,114 participants: 608 males and 506 females/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-70801C, Omron Healthcare®	Medium-term/ 14 days Three measurements in the morning and evening for 24 hours
Foo V (2017)(29) Singapore	To determine whether HbA1c and SBP variability, assessed retrospectively based on regular, consecutive HbA1c and SBP values obtained over two years prior to the onset of moderate diabetic retinopathy, was independently associated with moderate retinopathy-specific diabetes.	Retrospective case-control study/ 398 participants/ DM2	Auscultatory	Aneroid Sphygmomanometer Series Six00; Accoson® *	Long-term/two Years Three to five measurements every three months
Kalinga BE (2019)(30) India	Compare the BPV with inflammation marker (Hs-CRP) to study the impact of the effect of BPV in patients with diabetes on vascular endothelium cells using 24-hour ABPM.	Case-control/ 100 Participants: 50 with DM2 and 50 without DM2	Oscillometric	Pressurometer P6; Del Mar Reynold®	Short-term/24 hours Every 30 min (7am to 10pm) and 60 min (10pm to 7am)
Ciobanu DM (2016)(31) Romania	To evaluate the connection between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and BPV during 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in DM2 and healthy control individuals.	Cross-sectional/ 75 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HolCard CR-07, Aspel®	Short-term/24h Every 30 min (7am to 10pm) and 60 min (10pm to 7am)
Fukui M (2013)(32) Japan	To investigate the connection between BPV on one occasion and markers of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Cross-sectional Multicenter study/ 332 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-70801C, Omron Healthcare®	Medium-term/14 days Three measurements in the morning and night over 24 hours
Ciobanu DM (2019)(33) Romania	To evaluate the connection between circulating adhesion molecules and ambulatory blood pressure variability in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.	Cross-sectional/ 110 participants in two groups: controlled BP (n = 55) and non-controlled BP (n= 55)/Type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HolCard CR-07, Aspel®	Short-term/24h Every 30 min during the day (7am to 10pm) and every 60 min at night (10pm to 7am)
Matsumoto S (2014)(34) Japan	To evaluate the reliability of home blood pressure (HBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes by comparing self-reported values with HBP measurements stored in the memory of the blood pressure (BP) monitor.	Cross-sectional/ 280 Participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-7080IC, Omron Healthcare®	Medium-term/14 days Triplicate measurements in the morning and at night
Cardoso CRL (2020)(35) Brazil	To investigate whether long-term visit-to-visit BPV (BP-VVV) impacts the prognosis for microvascular and macrovascular complications, developmental actions, and all-cause mortality.	Prospective cohort/ 632 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-907XL, Omron Healthcare®	Long-term (visit-to-visit) /24 months Three to four annual measurements
E. Ushigome (2018)(36) Japan	To clarify whether daily home systolic blood pressure (HSBP) variability could have a significant prognostic role in the progression to macroalbuminuria in a prospective two-year study.	Prospective cohort/ 714 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-70801C, Omron Healthcare®	Medium-term/14 days. Triplicate measurements in the morning and at night.
T. Takao (2015)(37) Japan	To determine whether visit-to-visit BPV can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in patients with DM2, independent of mean BP, and to analyze the time-effect connection between BP and CVD risk..	Retrospective cohort/ 629 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	BP-10, Omron Healthcare®	Long-term (visit-to-visit) / 11 years **
Hashimoto, Y (2018)(38) Japan	Investigate the connection between sarcopenia and blood pressure parameters, including BPV visit-to-visit to elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.	Cross-sectional with data from a cohort study/ 209 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-906, Omron Healthcare® *	Long-term (visit-to-visit)/one year **
Ushigome E (2011)(39) Japan	To investigate the connection between the variability of daily home blood pressure over 14 consecutive days and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Cross-sectional Multicenter study/ 858 participants/ type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-70801C, Omron Healthcare®	Medium-term (visit-to-visit) /14 days. Three measurements in the morning and at night for 14 days
Bhardwaj S (2014)(40) Índia	To evaluate the 7-day/24-hour circadian pattern of BP and heart rate in diabetic patients to help diagnose and prevent cardiovascular morbidity.	Case-control/ 100 participants (50 males with type 2 DM and 50 males without diabetes)	Oscillometric	A&D TM-2430, A&D Company®	Short-term/24-hour BP for seven days Every 30 minutes during the day and 60-minute intervals during the night
Radaelli MG (2020)(41) Italy	To retrospectively assess the coefficient of variation of mean SBP and its connection with CVD prevalence and risk of future CVD-related events using the ten-year UKPDS Risk Engine.	Cross-sectional, retrospective/ 970 medical charts	Oscillometric	Omron M6, Omron Healthcare®	Long-term/two years **
Okada H (2013)(42) Japan	To investigate the connection between visit-to-visit variability in SBP and alteration in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) or development of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Retrospective cohort/ 354 patients/ Type 2 DM	Oscillometric	HEM-906, Omron Healthcare® *	Long-term (visit-to-visit)/one year **
Noshad S (2014)(43) Iran	To investigate whether variability in BP between visits is a significant predictor of progression to microalbuminuria independent of mean BP..	Retrospective cohort/ 194 medical charts/ DM2	Auscultatory	Riester Big Ben®, Jungingen *	Long-term/ 24 to 48 months **
Hsieh YT (2012)(44) Taiwan	To evaluate the connection between all-cause mortality and blood pressure parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], mean arterial pressure [MAP]) and visit-to-visit variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Longitudinal cohort/ 2161 participants/ DM2	Oscillometric	HEM-1000, Omron Healthcare® *	Long-term (visit-to-visit/two years **
Takao T (2014)(45) Japan	To investigate whether visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) can predict the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in patients with DM2.	Retrospective cohort/ 664 participants/ DM2	Oscillometric	BP-10, Omron Healthcare®	Long-term (visit-to-visit/sixteen years **

BP - blood pressure; DM - diabetes mellitus; DM2 - type 2 diabetes mellitus; BPV - Variability of blood pressure; SBP - Systolic Blood Pressure; CVD - Cardiovascular Diseases; GFR - Glomerular Filtration Rate; HBA1c - Glycated Hemoglogin; DBP - Diastolic Blood Pressure;

^*Validation status not reported;

^**Number of measurements not informed.