. 2022 Sep 28;66(1):82–92. doi: 10.1007/s00125-022-05791-6

Table 3.

Mediation analysis of the association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes by symptoms of depression or insomnia: HUNT surveys (1995–2019)

In the last 2 weeks, have you felt lonely?	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^a
In the last 2 weeks, have you felt lonely?	Total effect	Indirect effect	Direct effect
Mediation analyses for depression
No^b	1.00	1.00	1.00
A little	1.12 (0.93, 1.36)	1.02 (0.98, 1.06)	1.10 (0.91, 1.34)
A good amount	1.08 (0.70, 1.66)	1.03 (0.97, 1.10)	1.05 (0.68, 1.61)
Very much	2.29 (1.12, 4.66)	1.04 (0.96, 1.12)	2.20 (1.07, 4.50)
Mediation analyses for sleep maintenance insomnia
No^b	1.00	1.00	1.00
A little	1.12 (0.92, 1.36)	1.02 (1.00, 1.03)	1.10 (0.91, 1.34)
A good amount	1.10 (0.71, 1.68)	1.04 (1.00, 1.07)	1.06 (0.69, 1.63)
Very much	2.22 (1.10, 4.49)	1.03 (0.99, 1.06)	2.17 (1.07, 4.38)

^aAdjusted for sex, age (as a quadratic term) and education. The model also included a loneliness-by-mediator interaction

^bReference group