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. 2022 Dec 7;12:21193. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25576-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro characterization of the phage vB_PaeS_VL1. (a) Kinetic adsorption of the phage to the host strain (P. aeruginosa ATCC27853) at an MOI of 0.01. (b) One-step growth curve of phage VL1 at a MOI of 0.001. (c) Bacterial killing activity of phage VL1 against host cells at different MOI (0.1, 1, and 10) in TSB medium. (d) Phage VL1 stability under different pH conditions. (e) Stability of Phage VL1 under different temperature conditions. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The asterisks indicate significant differences (*P < 0.05 and ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test) between the experimental and control groups.